Question

An intravenous pyelogram has been ordered for a client with recurrent urinary tract infection. The nurse should tell the client that the procedure commonly causes: A. An increased urgency to void B. Feelings of nausea and dizziness C. Shortness of breath and itching D. A metallic taste in the mouth

Short answer

Answer: A metallic taste in the mouth.

Step-by-step solution

Understand intravenous pyelogram

An intravenous pyelogram is a diagnostic imaging test that uses iodine-based contrast dye to visualize the urinary tract. The dye is injected into a vein, and X-ray images are taken as it travels through the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. This allows doctors to identify any abnormalities or blockages in the urinary system. It is important to understand the procedure and its common side effects to answer the question correctly.

Analyze the given options

Let's analyze each of the given options: A. An increased urgency to void B. Feelings of nausea and dizziness C. Shortness of breath and itching D. A metallic taste in the mouth

Evaluate option A

An increased urgency to void: Although the procedure involves the urinary tract, it does not commonly cause an increased urgency to void. The contrast dye may cause some patients to feel like they need to urinate, but it is not a common side effect.

Evaluate option B

Feelings of nausea and dizziness: These side effects are not common with IVP. However, in some cases, patients may feel a bit of nausea or dizziness during the administration of the contrast dye. It is not the most common side effect associated with IVP.

Evaluate option C

Shortness of breath and itching: These are signs of an allergic reaction to the contrast dye. While these side effects can occur, they are not common and usually happen in people with a known allergy to iodine-based dyes.

Evaluate option D

A metallic taste in the mouth: This is a common side effect experienced by many patients during the administration of the iodine-based contrast dye. The metallic taste usually dissipates within a few minutes after the injection.

Make a conclusion

Based on our analysis, the correct answer is option D: A metallic taste in the mouth is a common side effect of the intravenous pyelogram procedure.

Key concepts

NCLEX-RN Exam Preparation

Preparing for the NCLEX-RN exam requires a comprehensive understanding of nursing concepts, including patient care during diagnostic imaging tests such as intravenous pyelograms (IVP). When reviewing content related to IVP, it is essential to focus on not only the purpose and steps of the procedure but also the possible side effects and nursing interventions. An effective study strategy might include practicing with questions similar to those found on the exam to reinforce your understanding of how to care for a patient before, during, and after an IVP. Utilize study guides, textbooks, and participate in study groups to discuss and elucidate complex concepts. Familiarize yourself with potential contrast dye allergies and how to manage them, as well as other complications related to urinary tract diagnostics.

Contrast Dye Allergies

Contrast dye allergies are a critical concern when patients undergo diagnostic imaging tests such as an intravenous pyelogram. Iodine-based contrast dyes can occasionally cause allergic reactions ranging from mild (itching, hives) to severe (anaphylaxis). It's important for nursing professionals to recognize the signs of a contrast dye allergy, which include shortness of breath, facial or throat swelling, and itching. Preventing such reactions involves a thorough patient history assessment for previous reactions to contrast dyes or shellfish, which may indicate a higher risk of allergy.

In case of a suspected allergic reaction, it is necessary to have emergency medications and medical support available immediately. Pre-medication protocols with antihistamines or steroids may be implemented by the healthcare provider to reduce the risk of an allergic reaction. Education on contrast dye allergies is thus an integral part of both NCLEX-RN exam preparation and effective nursing practice.

Diagnostic Imaging in Nursing

Diagnostic imaging plays a pivotal role in modern nursing, as it assists in the thorough examination of patients and the accurate diagnosis of conditions. In nursing, understanding the various types of imaging studies, like the intravenous pyelogram (IVP), and their indications is vital. Nurses must be adept at preparing patients for these tests, administering contrast dyes if necessary, and monitoring them for adverse reactions during and after the procedure.

Being knowledgeable in diagnostic imaging also means being aware of the patient's history to anticipate any possible complications. For instance, existing renal problems or allergies can significantly impact a patient's risk profile during an IVP. Clear communication about the procedure can ease patient anxiety and facilitate cooperation, which can contribute to better imaging results and patient outcomes.

Urinary Tract Infection Diagnosis

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common ailments that require accurate diagnosis for effective treatment. For recurrent UTIs, an intravenous pyelogram (IVP) may be ordered to visualize the urinary system and identify any structural abnormalities or obstructions that could contribute to infections. The IVP includes injecting a contrast dye into the bloodstream and taking X-ray images as the dye travels through the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.

Nurses play an essential role in the diagnostic process by providing patient education, preparing the patient for the procedure, and monitoring for side effects of the contrast dye, such as a metallic taste in the mouth. Understanding how UTIs present and progress is crucial for providing appropriate care and is a vital component of nursing education and practice.