Question

The client is admitted with acromegaly. Which sign or symptom is associated with acromegaly? A. Rapid weight gain due to cortisol elevations B. Extreme height due to an increased growth hormone level C. A pendulous abdomen related to altered fat distribution D. A dowager hump secondary to osteoporosis

Short answer

A. Rapid weight gain due to cortisol elevations B. Extreme height due to an increased growth hormone level C. Pendulous abdomen related to altered fat distribution D. Dowager hump secondary to osteoporosis Answer: B. Extreme height due to an increased growth hormone level

Step-by-step solution

Understand Acromegaly Symptoms

To begin, let's first understand the symptoms of acromegaly. Some common symptoms include enlarged hands and feet, thickened and coarse facial features, enlarged tongue, joint pain, excessive sweating, and fatigue.

Evaluate Option A

Option A claims rapid weight gain due to cortisol elevations is a sign or symptom of acromegaly. This is not correct, as rapid weight gain related to cortisol elevations is typically associated with Cushing's syndrome, not acromegaly which occurs due to increased growth hormone.

Evaluate Option B

Option B suggests extreme height due to an increased growth hormone level is associated with acromegaly. This option is correct. When an excess of growth hormone is released during adulthood, it leads to acromegaly, which can result in increased height and other characteristic symptoms.

Evaluate Option C

Option C proposes that a pendulous abdomen related to altered fat distribution is a sign of acromegaly. This description does not match the symptoms of acromegaly, and it is not correct.

Evaluate Option D

Option D suggests a dowager hump secondary to osteoporosis as a symptom of acromegaly. While acromegaly can lead to bone and joint issues, a dowager hump is not specifically associated with acromegaly and is mainly related to osteoporosis.

Identify the Correct Answer

After evaluating all the options, we can conclude that the correct answer is: B. Extreme height due to an increased growth hormone level

Key concepts

Growth Hormone

Growth hormone (GH) plays a crucial role in human development and metabolism. It is produced by the pituitary gland, a small organ located at the base of the brain. GH stimulates growth in almost all tissues of the body, especially bones and muscles.

An excess of this hormone can lead to conditions such as gigantism and acromegaly. Gigantism occurs when there is an overproduction of growth hormone before the end of puberty, resulting in excessive height. Acromegaly, on the other hand, happens when the overproduction occurs after puberty. This leads to abnormal growth of the hands, feet, and face rather than increased stature.

One key characteristic of acromegaly is that the growth affects the width of bones rather than the length, because by adulthood, the growth plates have fused. Apart from skeletal changes, individuals may also experience metabolic issues, including insulin resistance and diabetes. Recognizing these symptoms is critical for early diagnosis and treatment.

Endocrine Disorders

Endocrine disorders involve the body's endocrine glands, which secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. These disorders can be due to hormonal imbalances, glandular structural problems, or a combination of both.

Acromegaly is an example of an endocrine disorder caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone, usually due to a benign tumor on the pituitary gland called an adenoma. The overproduction of GH leads to the symptoms associated with the disorder, such as enlarged hands and feet and changes in facial features.

Other examples of endocrine disorders include:

• Hypothyroidism - low production of thyroid hormones.
• Diabetes mellitus - problems with insulin production or use.
• Cushing's syndrome - high cortisol levels in the blood.

Early detection and treatment of endocrine disorders are crucial to prevent complications and improve quality of life.

NCLEX-RN Exam

The NCLEX-RN exam is a standardized test that nursing graduates must pass to become licensed registered nurses. It assesses the candidate's knowledge, skills, and abilities essential for safe and effective nursing practice.

Endocrine disorders, like acromegaly, are a key area of study for this exam. Nurses need to be equipped with the knowledge to identify, treat, and educate patients about these conditions. Knowing the symptoms, diagnostic procedures, and treatment options for disorders such as acromegaly is crucial for providing adequate care.

The exam includes:

• Understanding the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of endocrine disorders.
• Knowing the nursing interventions and patient education strategies for managing these disorders.
• Applying critical thinking and decision-making skills in test scenarios related to patient care.

Proper preparation for the NCLEX-RN exam not only ensures a nurse’s competence in the field but also enhances patient health outcomes.