Question

Which of the following findings is a factor in the development of lithium toxicity? A. Hyponatremia B. Hypercalcemia C. Hypocalcemia D. Hypernatremia

Short answer

Answer: Hyponatremia

Step-by-step solution

Understanding Lithium Toxicity

Lithium toxicity occurs when there is an excessively high level of lithium in the blood. This can lead to various symptoms like tremors, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and even seizures or coma in severe cases. Lithium toxicity can be caused by several factors like kidney dysfunction, dehydration, drug interactions, and certain medical conditions that may affect lithium levels in the body.

Analyzing the Options

Let us go through each of the four options and analyze whether they can be a factor in the development of lithium toxicity. A. Hyponatremia: It is a condition characterized by low sodium levels in the blood. Hyponatremia can increase the risk of lithium toxicity, as it reduces the excretion of lithium by the kidneys, leading to higher lithium levels in the blood. B. Hypercalcemia: This condition is characterized by high calcium levels in the blood. There is no direct relationship between hypercalcemia and lithium toxicity. However, long-term lithium use may contribute to the development of hypercalcemia. C. Hypocalcemia: It is a condition characterized by low calcium levels in the blood. Hypocalcemia does not have a direct impact on lithium levels or lithium toxicity. D. Hypernatremia: This condition is characterized by high sodium levels in the blood. High sodium levels can actually lead to faster lithium excretion by the kidneys, reducing the risk of lithium toxicity.

Choosing the Correct Option

Based on the analysis of each option, we can conclude that Hyponatremia (Option A) is a factor in the development of lithium toxicity, as it reduces lithium excretion by the kidneys, resulting in higher lithium levels in the blood.