Question

Which should the nurse observe for as a complication of Factor VIII administration? A. Fuid volume excess B. Sepsis C. Blood transfusion reaction D. Thrombus formation

Short answer

Answer: D. Thrombus formation

Step-by-step solution

Option A: Fluid volume excess

Administration of Factor VIII does not directly result in fluid volume excess as the primary issue related to Factor VIII administration is blood clotting. Therefore, fluid volume excess is not the correct answer.

Option B: Sepsis

Although sepsis can occur as a result of any medical treatment, it is not specifically related to Factor VIII administration. The risk of sepsis is present in many medical procedures, so this answer is not specific enough for this question.

Option C: Blood transfusion reaction

Factor VIII is a blood component, and its administration could potentially cause a transfusion reaction. However, this complication is relatively rare with purified Factor VIII products, and there are more specific complications related to the administration of this clotting factor.

Option D: Thrombus formation

Factor VIII administration is primarily related to blood clotting and is given to patients with hemophilia A to help promote clotting. However, the main complication is thrombus formation or development of blood clots, which can be life-threatening for the patient. This is the specific complication that nurses should be most vigilant about when administering Factor VIII. Based on the analysis of each option, the correct answer is: D. Thrombus formation

Key concepts

Nursing Complications

Nurses play a crucial role in identifying, preventing, and managing complications that can arise during medical treatments. Understanding potential issues like those during the administration of Factor VIII is absolutely essential.
When dealing with Factor VIII administration, nurses need to be vigilant about the specific complications associated with this treatment. Some general complications can include:

• Fluid volume changes: While not directly associated with Factor VIII, fluid management is crucial in many treatments.
• Infections: Sepsis can occur during various treatments, underscoring the need for sterile techniques.
• Allergic and transfusion reactions, although rare with purified Factor VIII.

The most pressing complication, however, is thrombus formation, which we will discuss further. Nurses must be well-trained to recognize and act upon the signs of each potential complication promptly.

Factor VIII Administration

Factor VIII is a crucial protein involved in the blood clotting process. It is especially significant in the treatment of hemophilia A, a genetic disorder where patients have a deficiency or dysfunction of this clotting factor.
When administering Factor VIII, it is important to understand that its primary role is to promote normal blood clotting. Nurses must be competent in the following:

• Following the correct dosage and administration procedure to maximize efficacy.
• Ensuring patient safety by monitoring for possible adverse effects.
• Educating patients and their families about what to expect during treatment.

Thorough understanding and proper handling of Factor VIII can prevent complications and improve patient outcomes.

Nurse Observations

Vigilant observation and prompt reaction by nurses are crucial when administering Factor VIII. Observations should focus on monitoring for any sign of complications, especially thrombus formation.
Effective nurse observations include:

• Checking vital signs regularly to detect any sudden changes.
• Watching for signs of an allergic reaction, such as rash, itching, or difficulty breathing.
• Assessing for symptoms of thrombus, like pain, swelling, or warmth in limbs.
• Being alert for less common issues like blood transfusion reactions.

Nurses need to document all observations meticulously and report any concerns immediately to prevent worsening of potential complications.

Blood Clotting Issues

Blood clotting is a complex process that, when altered, can lead to either excessive bleeding or unwanted clot formation. Factor VIII plays an essential role in normal clotting, especially for those with hemophilia A.
Understanding blood clotting issues is vital for preventing complications such as:

• Excessive clotting leading to thrombus formation and potential embolism.
• Insufficient clotting which can cause uncontrolled bleeding.

With Factor VIII administration, achieving the right balance is key. Nurses should be aware of the signs of both hypercoagulable states and bleeding complications. They must weigh the risks and benefits while administering Factor VIII to ensure patient safety and the desired therapeutic outcome.