Question

A client with leukemia is receiving oral prednisolone (Prednisone). An expected side effect of the prolonged use of prednisoline is which of the following? A. Weight loss B. Decreased appetite C. Hirsutism D. Integumentary bronzing

Short answer

Answer: C. Hirsutism

Step-by-step solution

Understand prednisolone (Prednisone) usage

Prednisolone (Prednisone) is a corticosteroid medication that is often used to suppress the immune system and reduce inflammation in patients with autoimmune disorders, or in this case, leukemia.

Research prednisolone's side effects

Conduct a search or consult your course materials to learn about the potential side effects of prolonged prednisolone use.

Evaluate each option

Consider the information gathered about prednisolone's side effects and compare it with the four options provided. A. Weight loss: Prolonged use of corticosteroids can actually cause weight gain due to fluid retention and an increased appetite. B. Decreased appetite: This option is also incorrect, as corticosteroid use often increases appetite. C. Hirsutism: Hirsutism is an increase in body hair growth, which can occur from prolonged use of corticosteroids like prednisolone. This is a possible side effect of prednisolone. D. Integumentary bronzing: Integumentary bronzing refers to a darkening or bronzing of the skin. This is not a known side effect of prednisolone use.

Choose the correct answer

From the evaluation of the options, the expected side effect of prolonged use of prednisolone is C. Hirsutism.

Key concepts

Leukemia Management

Leukemia, a type of cancer that affects blood and bone marrow, requires comprehensive management strategies. The primary goal is to eradicate leukemia cells, restore the normal production of blood cells, and achieve remission. Treatment options may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and targeted drug treatments. However, in some cases, managing side effects and promoting quality of life becomes equally important as the cancer treatment itself.

Management of leukemia involves several key aspects:

• Diagnosis and assessment: Determining the type and extent of leukemia is crucial for tailoring an effective treatment plan.
• Medication: Chemotherapy remains a cornerstone therapy, often combined with other drugs like corticosteroids to control symptoms.
• Supportive care: This involves managing symptoms such as anemia or infections, keeping the patient's wellbeing at the forefront.
• Monitoring response: Regular tests and check-ups ensure the treatment is effective, allowing for adjustments as needed.

Leukemia management is an ongoing process that requires the collaboration of a healthcare team to address the diverse needs of the patient.

Corticosteroid Side Effects

Corticosteroids like prednisone are powerful drugs used to treat a variety of conditions, including leukemia, by reducing inflammation and suppressing the immune system. However, their prolonged use can lead to several side effects that patients and healthcare providers need to be aware of.

• Weight gain: A common side effect due to increased appetite and fluid retention.
• Blood sugar changes: Corticosteroids can increase blood glucose levels, sometimes leading to diabetes in susceptible individuals.
• Hirsutism: Unusual hair growth is another potential side effect, especially with long-term usage.
• Osteoporosis: Long-term corticosteroid use can lead to weakened bones and a higher risk of fractures.
• Hypertension: Elevated blood pressure can occur due to fluid and salt retention.
• Mood swings: Patients might experience emotional changes, including mood swings or anxiety.

It's essential for patients to discuss these potential side effects with their doctor to manage them effectively and weigh the benefits versus risks of treatment.

Prednisolone Indications

Prednisolone, known as the active form of prednisone, is frequently prescribed due to its efficacy in reducing inflammation and modifying the immune response. It is especially useful in conditions where immune suppression is needed.

Here are some key indications for prednisolone use:

• Leukemia treatment: Prednisolone is used in leukemia to manage symptoms like fever and inflammation.
• Autoimmune diseases: Conditions such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis often benefit from its anti-inflammatory properties.
• Allergic reactions: Severe allergic reactions can be quickly mitigated with corticosteroids.
• Asthma and respiratory disorders: It reduces inflammation in the airways, improving breathing.

It's important for healthcare providers to tailor the dosage and duration of prednisolone according to the specific condition being treated. Monitoring is crucial to minimize side effects while achieving the desired therapeutic effects.

Immune System Suppression

Immune system suppression is a common therapeutic strategy, especially for conditions where the immune system is overactive or poses a risk to the body, such as in autoimmune diseases or after organ transplantation.

When prednisolone is administered, its immunosuppressive effects can help:

• Limit the body's immune response, which is beneficial in preventing the rejection of transplanted organs.
• Reduce inflammation caused by the immune system attacking its own cells in autoimmune disorders.
• Prevent complications such as graft-versus-host disease in transplant patients.

While beneficial in managing these conditions, immune system suppression can also increase vulnerability to infections. Patients undergoing treatments that suppress their immune system, like prednisolone therapy, must be vigilant about hygiene and avoid exposure to infectious agents. Regular medical follow-ups are crucial to ensure that the suppression levels are effective yet safe.