Question

A 5-month-old is diagnosed with atopic dermatitis. Nursing interventions will focus on: A. Preventing infection B. Administering antipyretics C. Keeping the skin free of moisture D. Limiting oral fluid intake

Short answer

Answer: Preventing infection.

Step-by-step solution

Understand atopic dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis, also known as eczema, is a chronic skin condition that causes inflammation, itching, and rash in affected areas, usually having a typical distribution pattern. It is essential to be aware of appropriate nursing interventions in such cases.

Analyze each option

Let's go through each option to determine the most appropriate intervention. A. Preventing infection: An important aspect of managing atopic dermatitis, as open sores and rashes can be at increased risk of infection. B. Administering antipyretics: Although fever may be present in some cases, it is not a primary focus of intervention for atopic dermatitis. C. Keeping the skin free of moisture: Moisture is not the primary concern regarding atopic dermatitis. In fact, maintaining adequate skin hydration is important for affected areas. D. Limiting oral fluid intake: Fluid intake has no direct correlation with atopic dermatitis and is not a recommended intervention in this case.

Choose the correct intervention

Based on the analysis, option A (Preventing infection) is the most suitable nursing intervention for a 5-month-old baby diagnosed with atopic dermatitis. The focus should be on adequate skin care to minimize the risk of infection due to the rashes and open sores.

Key concepts

Atopic Dermatitis Management

Managing atopic dermatitis, commonly known as eczema, involves a comprehensive approach that caters to the chronic nature of the skin condition. The main goals are to reduce symptoms like inflammation, itching, and the occurrence of rashes.

Maintaining skin hydration is pivotal; this can be achieved through regular application of emollients and moisturizers. These products help to repair the skin barrier and prevent dryness. It's also important to identify and avoid potential irritants or triggers that can exacerbate symptoms, such as harsh soaps, wool, and certain foods.

In cases of severe inflammation, topical corticosteroids may be prescribed to control the symptoms. Antihistamines can be useful in managing itching, especially to prevent scratching during sleep. For ongoing management, a gentle skincare routine should be established, and the patient or caregiver should be educated on recognizing and managing flare-ups to maintain the best possible skin condition.

Preventing Infection in Dermatitis

Preventing infection is a primary concern in the treatment of atopic dermatitis due to the skin's compromised barrier and the potential for open sores. Nurses play an essential role in educating patients and caregivers on the importance of skin care practices to minimize this risk.

Infection Control Practices

Hand hygiene is the first line of defense; it's crucial to keep hands clean to prevent the introduction of pathogens to affected areas. Utilizing mild, non-soap cleansers can also help maintain skin integrity without stripping away natural oils.

Keeping fingernails short and clean is vital, especially in pediatric cases, as this can prevent skin damage from scratching. Applying barrier ointments can also protect the skin from additional irritation. If signs of infection are present, such as increased redness, warmth, pus, or fever, prompt medical attention is required, and antibiotics may be necessary.

Pediatric Nursing Care

Pediatric nursing care for patients with atopic dermatitis is focused on both the physical and emotional needs of the child. Because infants and young children cannot articulate their discomfort, it's crucial to observe nonverbal cues for distress, such as crying and restlessness.

Educational Support

Educating caregivers on disease management is vital. This includes guidance on the proper application of creams and ointments, understanding of treatment plans, and strategies to soothe and distract the child from scratching.

Emotional Support

Nurses also provide emotional support, as persistent skin conditions can affect the psychological well-being of both the child and family. Offering reassurance, developing coping strategies, and creating a supportive environment are integral components of pediatric nursing care.

In sum, pediatric nursing care is a holistic practice that envelops treatment adherence, education, and emotional support to improve outcomes and quality of life for children with atopic dermatitis.