Question

The mother of a child with cystic fibrosis tells the nurse that her child makes "snoring" sounds when breathing. The nurse is aware that many children with cystic fibrosis have: A. Choanal atresia B. Nasal polyps C. Septal deviations D. Enlarged adenoids

Short answer

Answer: Nasal polyps

Step-by-step solution

Understanding cystic fibrosis and its symptoms

Cystic fibrosis is an inherited disorder that causes severe damage mainly to the lungs and digestive system. It affects the cells that produce mucus, causing them to produce thick, sticky mucus instead of the thin and watery variety. This can lead to breathing problems, chronic lung infections, and difficulty digesting food. "Snoring" sounds when breathing is one of the symptoms a child with cystic fibrosis may experience.

Evaluating the given options

Now, let's discuss each of the given options: A. Choanal atresia: It is a congenital condition in which the back of the nasal passage is blocked, often due to abnormal bony or soft tissue growth. Although it can cause difficulty in breathing, it is not directly related to cystic fibrosis. B. Nasal polyps: These are soft, non-cancerous growths on the lining of the nasal passages or sinuses. In individuals with cystic fibrosis, the thick mucus can create inflammation, leading to the formation of polyps that obstruct the airflow and cause the "snoring" sounds. C. Septal deviations: This refers to the displacement of the nasal septum, which separates the nasal passages, causing obstruction in one or both nostrils. While it can cause breathing difficulties and snoring, it isn't specific to cystic fibrosis. D. Enlarged adenoids: Adenoids are glands located at the back of the throat that help fight infection. Although enlarged adenoids can cause breathing difficulties and snoring, they are not directly associated with cystic fibrosis.

Selecting the correct answer

Considering the information shared in Step 2, the most appropriate response for this case is: B. Nasal polyps Many children with cystic fibrosis experience "snoring" sounds due to the formation of nasal polyps caused by chronic inflammation and thick mucus accumulation.

Key concepts

Nasal Polyps

Nasal polyps are a common symptom associated with cystic fibrosis. They are soft, painless, noncancerous growths that arise due to chronic inflammation of the nasal mucosa and sinuses. As the thick, sticky mucus characteristic of cystic fibrosis obstructs the airways, it provides the perfect environment for inflammation and polyp growth. These growths can lead to obstructions in the nasal passages, contributing to snoring, nasal congestion, and even diminished sense of smell.

For students or aspiring healthcare providers, understanding the relationship between nasal polyps and cystic fibrosis is critical. It exemplifies the complexity of chronic diseases and the importance of recognizing the various ways they can present. When preparing for exams like the NCLEX-PN, integrating knowledge such as the association between specific symptoms and diseases will be beneficial.

NCLEX-PN Exam Preparation

Preparing for the National Council Licensure Examination for Practical Nurses (NCLEX-PN) is a challenging task that requires a comprehensive understanding of a wide range of medical conditions, including respiratory disorders such as cystic fibrosis. When studying for the exam, candidates should focus on learning to identify symptoms like nasal polyps and correlating them with their underlying conditions.

Effective strategies for NCLEX-PN prep include regularly reviewing study material, taking practice tests, and enrolling in review courses. Successful preparation involves both theoretical knowledge and the ability to apply that knowledge in practical, real-world scenarios. Emphasizing critical thinking and the ability to choose the best options in a multiple-choice format, especially in pediatric respiratory conditions, will prepare nursing candidates to excel on the exam.

Respiratory Disorders in Children

Respiratory disorders in children, such as cystic fibrosis, can present with various symptoms that affect their quality of life. Beyond nasal polyps, which are common in cystic fibrosis, children may experience chronic coughs, wheezing, and frequent lung infections. Early recognition and diagnosis of these symptoms are essential for effective management and treatment.

In the context of educational material, it is vital to explain how these symptoms may manifest and what interventions can help manage them. For cystic fibrosis, treatments can range from chest physiotherapy to help clear mucus, to medications that improve lung function, and nutritional support. It is crucial to cover these aspects thoroughly to provide a clear understanding of pediatric respiratory pathology, enhancing learning for students, especially those in nursing and other healthcare fields.