Question

A client with AIDS is taking Zovirax (acyclovir). Which nursing intervention is most critical during the administration of acyclovir? A. Limiting the client's activity B. Encouraging a high-carbohydrate diet C. Utilizing an incentive spirometer to improve respiratory function D. Encouraging fluids

Short answer

Answer: The most critical nursing intervention during the administration of acyclovir to a client with AIDS is encouraging fluid intake.

Step-by-step solution

Understanding Acyclovir

Acyclovir (Zovirax) is an antiviral drug primarily used for the treatment of herpes simplex virus infections, as well as varicella-zoster and Epstein-Barr viruses. It works by slowing the growth and spread of the herpes virus in the body. In the context of this question, the client has AIDS, which means their immune system is weaker, and infections may be more severe.

Identifying possible side effects of Acyclovir

Acyclovir can cause several side effects, including nausea, diarrhea, headache, dizziness, and kidney problems. It's important to be aware of these side effects when determining the most critical nursing intervention.

Analyzing the nursing interventions

Now, let's look at the four options for nursing interventions: A. Limiting the client's activity: This intervention does not seem relevant to the administration of acyclovir, as it does not address any of the side effects or the purpose of the drug. B. Encouraging a high-carbohydrate diet: A high-carbohydrate diet might be beneficial for overall health and energy levels, but it does not seem to be directly related to the administration of acyclovir or its side effects. C. Utilizing an incentive spirometer to improve respiratory function: Incentive spirometry can be beneficial for lung health, but it does not seem to be related to acyclovir use. D. Encouraging fluids: Acyclovir may cause kidney problems, and staying hydrated can help prevent these issues. Encouraging fluids may also help alleviate other side effects such as nausea and diarrhea.

Choosing the most critical nursing intervention

Based on the analysis above and the side effects of acyclovir, the most critical nursing intervention for a client with AIDS taking acyclovir is to encourage fluid intake (option D). This intervention directly addresses potential kidney problems and supports other side effects related to the administration of acyclovir.

Key concepts

Nursing Interventions

Nursing interventions are essential actions taken by nurses to enhance patient outcomes, particularly during medication administration. When caring for a patient with AIDS who is taking an antiviral drug like acyclovir, it's critical to implement interventions that mitigate the possible side effects and support the patient's overall health.

One key intervention is monitoring for adverse effects such as kidney problems, which acyclovir can sometimes cause. Encouraging fluids not only helps with renal function but can also alleviate symptoms like nausea and diarrhea. It's important for nurses to educate the patient on the importance of hydration and to assess their fluid intake throughout the treatment.

Additionally, nursing interventions might include assisting with a nutrition plan that supports immune function, monitoring vitals to detect any drug-related complications, and providing emotional support as AIDS can significantly impact a patient's mental and emotional well-being.

Antiviral Drug Administration

Administering an antiviral drug is a critical aspect of managing infections in patients with a compromised immune system, like those with AIDS. Acyclovir, for instance, is commonly prescribed for the prevention and treatment of certain types of viral infections.

When administering acyclovir, it's essential to follow guidelines that ensure the effectiveness and safety of the drug. Dosage must be appropriately calculated based on the patient’s weight and renal function, and timing should be consistent to maintain therapeutic drug levels.

Nurses play a pivotal role in educating patients about taking their medication faithfully and understanding the importance of adhering to their antiviral regimen. They also need to make sure patients are aware of the signs of renal insufficiency and the necessity for adequate fluid intake to prevent potential nephrotoxicity.

Patient Care with AIDS

Caring for a patient with AIDS demands comprehensive knowledge of the condition and its management. AIDS patients are vulnerable to opportunistic infections and other complications that require vigilant care and careful monitoring.

A holistic approach is vital, which includes addressing physical, emotional, and psychosocial needs. Ensuring the patient adheres to their antiretroviral therapy, such as acyclovir, is a crucial aspect of care. This includes understanding the timing and interactions of medications and ensuring the patient has access to their medications.

Education on disease management and prevention of transmission is also of paramount importance. Nurses should provide counseling and support to empower the patient to manage their condition effectively and maintain the highest quality of life possible.