Question

A client is admitted to the acute care unit. Initial laboratory values reveal serum sodium of \(170 \mathrm{meq} / \mathrm{L}\). What behavior changes would be most common for this client? A. Anger B. Mania C. Depression D. Psychosis

Short answer

Answer: Anger

Step-by-step solution

High serum sodium levels indicate a condition known as hypernatremia. Hypernatremia occurs when there is an imbalance of sodium and water in the body, resulting in too much sodium in the bloodstream. #Step 2: Determine the common behavioral changes associated with hypernatremia.#

The common symptoms and behavioral changes associated with hypernatremia may include irritability, confusion, muscle twitching, seizures, and in severe cases, coma. To determine which behavior is most commonly displayed among the choices given, let's review each option: A. Anger: While irritability may be a symptom of hypernatremia, anger is not specifically mentioned as a common behavior. B. Mania: Mania is not a typical behavior seen in patients with hypernatremia. C. Depression: Depression is also not a common behavior associated with hypernatremia. D. Psychosis: Although hypernatremia can cause confusion, psychosis is not a common behavior observed in patients with this condition. Based on the evaluation of given behavioral changes, none of the options is directly related to the common symptoms and behavioral changes associated with hypernatremia. However, between the given options, anger (irritability) is the one most closely related to the symptoms of hypernatremia. Answer: A. Anger

Key concepts

Serum Sodium Levels

Understanding serum sodium levels is crucial for maintaining health and well-being. Sodium is an essential electrolyte in the body that helps regulate water balance, supports nerve function, and is vital for muscle contractions. The normal range for serum sodium levels is typically between 135 to 145 milliequivalents per liter (mEq/L).

When these levels rise above 145 mEq/L, a person may develop hypernatremia, an electrolyte imbalance that indicates a high concentration of sodium in the blood. This condition can be caused by dehydration, certain medications, or other medical conditions. Symptoms of hypernatremia can vary from mild to severe, including thirst, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, and in more serious cases, neurological impairments such as the behavioral changes noted in the exercise.

Electrolyte Imbalance

Electrolyte imbalances like hypernatremia affect various bodily functions. Electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and bicarbonate, help conduct electrical impulses across cells and are involved in the regulation of pH balance, muscle contractions, and hydration.

When the delicate balance of these electrolytes is disturbed, it can lead to a range of symptoms. In the case of hypernatremia, excessive sodium changes the way neurons fire and communicate. This disruption can lead to neurological symptoms such as irritability and confusion, as identified in the original exercise. Understanding the impact of electrolyte imbalances is vital, particularly for individuals in the medical field, as prompt recognition and treatment are necessary to prevent serious complications.

NCLEX-PN Exam Preparation

The National Council Licensure Examination for Practical Nurses (NCLEX-PN) is a standardized test that nursing students must pass to become licensed practical nurses. It covers a wide range of topics, including the management of various medical conditions, such as electrolyte imbalances.

For effective NCLEX-PN exam preparation, students must thoroughly understand conditions like hypernatremia. This includes learning about its causes, symptoms, and treatment options. Mastery of these topics will allow candidates to make informed decisions in clinical scenarios and successfully answer related questions on the exam. Preparatory courses and study materials that focus on these core topics can be invaluable resources for aspiring nurses gearing up to take the NCLEX-PN.