Question

The physician has ordered fluid restrictions for a client with acute glomerulonephritis. The nurse knows that the client's oral intake will be limited to the amount of urinary output plus: A. \(100 \mathrm{~mL}\) B. \(300 \mathrm{~mL}\) C. \(500 \mathrm{~mL}\) D. \(700 \mathrm{~mL}\)

Short answer

Answer: 300 mL

Step-by-step solution

Review fluid restrictions in acute glomerulonephritis

Acute glomerulonephritis is a kidney disorder that can lead to increased fluid retention and decreased urine output. In some cases, physicians may order fluid restrictions to help control the client's symptoms and prevent complications. Oral intake can be limited to the amount of urinary output plus an additional level of fluid.

Choose the correct answer

In this case, the correct option is the one that represents the correct amount of fluid to be added to the patient's urinary output: A. \(100 \mathrm{~mL}\) B. \(300 \mathrm{~mL}\) C. \(500 \mathrm{~mL}\) D. \(700 \mathrm{~mL}\) The correct answer for fluid restriction in acute glomerulonephritis patients is B. \(300 \mathrm{~mL}\). Therefore, the patient's oral intake should be limited to the amount of their urinary output plus an additional 300 mL.

Key concepts

Fluid Restrictions

Managing fluid intake is crucial in patients with acute glomerulonephritis, a condition where the kidneys are inflamed and less effective at filtering waste and fluids. Fluid restrictions prevent excessive fluid accumulation in the body, which can lead to complications such as high blood pressure or swelling.

To formulate a fluid restriction plan, healthcare providers typically account for the patient's existing urinary output, then allow for a small additional intake to prevent dehydration. In the specific scenario you encountered, the restriction involves an extra 300 mL above the urinary output, ensuring adequate hydration while minimizing strain on the kidneys.

• Helps control blood pressure and swelling
• Prevents complications associated with fluid overload
• Requires careful monitoring and adjustment by healthcare professionals

Kidney Disorders

Kidney disorders like acute glomerulonephritis affect how well the kidneys can filter blood. In these conditions, inflammation damages the glomeruli, the small filtering units inside the kidneys, leading to impaired waste and fluid removal.

Symptoms can vary but commonly include hematuria (blood in urine), edema (swelling due to fluid retention), proteinuria (protein in urine), and hypertension (high blood pressure).

The causes of glomerulonephritis might include infections, immune diseases, or chronic conditions such as diabetes. Effective management often involves addressing the underlying cause and monitoring fluid intake closely to reduce kidney stress.

• Results in reduced kidney function
• Can lead to serious health issues if untreated
• Requires a comprehensive treatment approach, including medication and lifestyle changes

Urinary Output Management

Keeping a close eye on urinary output is essential in managing kidney disorders like acute glomerulonephritis. Urinary output is a key indicator of how well the kidneys are functioning and helps in adjusting fluid intake and other treatments.

Monitoring is often done by collecting and measuring urine over specific periods, usually 24 hours, to assess kidney performance. Any significant changes may necessitate alterations in therapy or fluid management strategies.

• Reflects kidney health
• Guides fluid restriction and dietary plans
• Essential for preventing either fluid overload or deficiency

By linking urinary output data with other symptoms and test results, healthcare providers can offer personalized and effective care, optimizing kidney function and overall health outcomes.