Question

The nurse recognizes which of the following population groups is at highest risk for melanoma? A. Adults older than 35 B. Senior citizens who have had repeated exposure to the sun C. Employees of a chemical plant D. 22-year-olds who tan in tanning beds three times a week

Short answer

Answer: B. Senior citizens who have had repeated exposure to the sun.

Step-by-step solution

Understand Melanoma Risk Factors

Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that can be caused by various factors, including excessive UV radiation exposure, age, genetics, and certain environmental factors. In this problem, we need to look at each group's characteristics and see which characteristics may contribute to a higher risk.

Analyze the Groups

Now let's analyze the four groups (A to D) and their possible risk factors. A. Adults older than 35 - Generally, older people have a higher risk of melanoma due to their age and prolonged exposure to the sun. B. Senior citizens who have had repeated exposure to the sun - This group has two risk factors: age and excessive sun exposure. C. Employees of a chemical plant - Some chemicals may contribute to the risk of developing melanoma; however, without further information, we cannot definitively determine the risk for this group. D. 22-year-olds who tan in tanning beds three times a week - This group is younger, but the use of tanning beds indicates excessive exposure to artificial UV radiation, which is a known risk factor for melanoma.

Compare Risks and Determine the Highest Risk Group

Based on our analysis, Group B (Senior citizens who have had repeated exposure to the sun) has the highest risk for melanoma due to the combination of age and excessive sun exposure. Group D (22-year-olds with frequent tanning bed usage) also has a notable risk factor, but given the age difference, Group B is still at a higher risk. Therefore, the answer is B. Senior citizens who have had repeated exposure to the sun.

Key concepts

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal skin cells, and it occurs when damage to skin cells, often caused by ultraviolet (UV) radiation, triggers mutations or genetic defects. These changes lead cells to multiply rapidly, forming malignant tumors.

The most common types of skin cancer are basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma. Melanoma is less common but far more dangerous if not found early because it is more likely to spread to other parts of the body.

Factors like a fair complexion, presence of moles or freckles, a family history of skin cancer, and immune system suppression can also increase one's risk. Regular skin examinations by a healthcare professional and self-examinations for new or changing moles can be pivotal in early detection and treatment.

UV Radiation Exposure

UV radiation exposure is one of the most significant risk factors for melanoma and other forms of skin cancer. Sunlight is the primary source of UV rays, with tanning beds acting as an artificial source.

There are two main types of UV rays that reach the earth's surface – UVA and UVB. While UVB rays have higher energy levels and are a significant cause of sunburn, UVA rays penetrate deeper into the skin, contributing to premature aging and skin damage. Overexposure to either type can damage skin cells' DNA and lead to cancer.

Prevention and Protection

Using broad-spectrum sunscreens with a high SPF, wearing protective clothing, and avoiding peak sun intensity hours can reduce the risk of UV radiation exposure. It is also essential to avoid the use of tanning beds due to their high levels of artificial UV radiation.

Educational Assessment

Educational assessment is the process used to measure a student's knowledge, skills, attitudes, and beliefs. In the context of health education, it can involve evaluating an individual's understanding of melanoma risk factors to tailor prevention strategies effectively.

Educational assessments are crucial for health promotion because they help determine the most appropriate teaching methods and materials, particularly for those at high risk for diseases, such as skin cancer.

Importance in Healthcare

The way healthcare professionals assess and educate their patients about risks can lead to increased awareness and potentially life-saving behavior changes. For instance, a well-conducted assessment can inform senior citizens about the dangers of sun exposure, prompting them to undertake protective measures such as wearing sunscreen and hats when outdoors.