Question

A client who has been taking chlorpromazine (Thorazine) has developed akathisia. Which behavior should the nurse expect the client to exhibit? A. Pacing and generalized restlessness B. Involuntary repetition of words spoken by others C. Use of words by sound rather than meaning D. Slow, rhythmical movements

Short answer

Answer: A. Pacing and generalized restlessness

Step-by-step solution

Understand akathisia

Akathisia is a movement disorder characterized by an inner feeling of restlessness and an inability to stay still. It is a common side effect of antipsychotic medications like chlorpromazine (Thorazine). The first thing to do is to identify the main symptom of akathisia, which is an inner feeling of restlessness and an inability to stay still.

Analyze the given options

Read the options provided and try to connect the symptom of akathisia with the correct behavior: A. Pacing and generalized restlessness B. Involuntary repetition of words spoken by others C. Use of words by sound rather than meaning D. Slow, rhythmical movements

Match the symptom with the correct option

Since akathisia is characterized by an inner feeling of restlessness and an inability to stay still, the correct option will show a behavior that involves restlessness and the inability to stay still. Option A, pacing and generalized restlessness, matches the symptom of akathisia. Pacing and restlessness are indicative of an inability to stay still, which is the primary characteristic of this side effect. So the correct behavior the nurse should expect is: A. Pacing and generalized restlessness

Key concepts

Understanding Chlorpromazine

When exploring the world of antipsychotic medications, chlorpromazine often emerges as a fundamental example. This medication, known under the trade name Thorazine, falls under the category of typical antipsychotics. It's primarily used to treat psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and is sometimes employed in the management of manic phases of bipolar disorder, among other uses. It functions by blocking certain neurotransmitters in the brain, particularly dopamine receptors, which can alter mood, behavior, and perception.

For students learning about chlorpromazine, it's critical to recognize that while it is effective for managing symptoms of severe mental illnesses, it does come with a spectrum of side effects. One of these side effects is akathisia, a condition characterized by a feeling of inner restlessness that can present as an urgent need for constant movement, quite like a motor running all the time. Students should be able to identify such side effects and understand their implications for patient health and treatment plans.

Antipsychotic Medications and Their Side Effects

Antipsychotic medications, while crucial in treating severe mental health disorders, are not without their set of side effects. The impact on the dopamine system can lead to several unwanted symptoms affecting various bodily functions. Some of the common side effects include drowsiness, dizziness, blurred vision, rapid heartbeat, sensitivity to the sun, and skin rashes.

More severe side effects encompass movement disorders such as tardive dyskinesia—marked by repetitive, involuntary movements—and akathisia, featuring the restlessness we've discussed. Understanding these side effects is paramount, as it affects compliance with medication regimens and overall patient well-being. Simple awareness of these outcomes can assist both healthcare providers and patients in recognizing, managing, and potentially mitigating their effects.

Nursing Care for Movement Disorders

Caring for patients with movement disorders such as akathisia, which can result from antipsychotic medications, demands a multifaceted approach. Nurses play a pivotal role in this. They should perform regular assessments for any signs of restlessness or involuntary movements, ensure that the patient is in a safe environment to prevent injury, and provide support and reassurance to patients who may be distressed by their symptoms.

Effective communication about these side effects with both the patient and the healthcare team is crucial to ensure that appropriate interventions are considered. This may include medication adjustments or the addition of medications to manage these side effects. Nurses' vigilance and advocacy are essential for optimizing patient care and enhancing the quality of life for those affected by movement disorders.