Question

A client scheduled for electroconvulsive therapy asks the nurse how the therapy helps relieve her depression. The nurse's response is based on anderstanding that ECT: A. Eliminates the neurotransmitter acetylcholine B. Increases the perception of external stimuli C. Decreases levels of cortisol from the adrenal cortex D. Produces a seizure that temporarily alters brain chemicals

Short answer

Answer: ECT works by producing a seizure that temporarily alters brain chemicals.

Step-by-step solution

Identifying Key Information

To answer this question correctly, it is important to understand the mechanism of action of electroconvulsive therapy in treating depression. ECT is known to work by producing a seizure that temporarily alters brain chemicals.

Analyzing the Options

Next, let's analyze each option. A. Eliminates the neurotransmitter acetylcholine: This option is incorrect because while the neurotransmitter levels might be affected during ECT, the primary mechanism is not the elimination of acetylcholine. B. Increases the perception of external stimuli: This option is incorrect because although ECT may impact brain functioning in various ways, increased external stimuli perception is not the primary mechanism of how ECT relieves depression. C. Decreases levels of cortisol from the adrenal cortex: While ECT may have an effect on cortisol levels, this is not the primary mechanism of how ECT works to alleviate depression. D. Produces a seizure that temporarily alters brain chemicals: This option is correct. ECT works by inducing a controlled seizure, which helps to reset the balance of certain chemicals in the brain related to mood regulation, thereby relieving depression symptoms.

Final Answer

The appropriate response for the nurse to give the client regarding how electroconvulsive therapy helps relieve depression is: D. Produces a seizure that temporarily alters brain chemicals.

Key concepts

Depression Treatment

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) is a scientifically proven treatment for certain types of severe depression. Unlike medications, which can take weeks to take effect, ECT often shows quicker results. This makes it particularly valuable for individuals who may not be responding to traditional antidepressants or those needing immediate relief.

ECT is sometimes considered when a rapid response is crucial, such as in cases of suicidal ideation, severe depression causing malnutrition or dehydration, or when other treatments have failed. It's often used when the benefits outweigh potential risks.

It’s important to understand that ECT is typically administered in a series of sessions, usually over several weeks. Each session takes a short amount of time, and improvements are generally seen after the first few treatments.

Mechanism of Action

The core function of ECT involves the induction of a controlled seizure in the brain, which is fundamental in altering brain chemistry. This seizure is similar to resetting a computer to troubleshoot a persistent problem. During this process, numerous neurotransmitters in the brain are simultaneously released, which is believed to help restore the normal functioning of various mood-regulating systems.

While the exact mechanism of action is still not completely understood, ECT has been shown to affect several key chemicals in the brain, which can help alleviate symptoms of depression. This action seems to improve the communication between different parts of the brain by enhancing the neuroplasticity, thereby helping the brain form new connections.

Brain Chemicals

Brain chemicals, more specifically neurotransmitters, play an essential role in mood regulation. These include serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine, all of which are typically out of balance in someone experiencing depression. ECT is considered to cause an increase in the release of these neurotransmitters, helping to correct the imbalances.

Another aspect influenced by ECT is neurogenesis, the process of forming new brain cells. Studies suggest that ECT can support the growth of new neurons and synapses, particularly in the areas of the brain involved with mood and emotion regulation, such as the hippocampus. Additionally, the temporary increase in certain neurochemicals post-ECT may help modulate stress responses, further contributing to its antidepressant effects.

Nursing Education

In the context of nursing, education about ECT is critical for both patients and healthcare providers. Nurses are often the bridge between complex medical treatments and the patient, providing crucial information about procedures such as ECT.

Nurses should be well-informed about the benefits and risks of ECT, how the procedure is conducted, and the potential side effects. They play an essential role in preparing the patient for treatment, ensuring the patient's questions and concerns are addressed, which can alleviate anxiety and improve the overall treatment experience.

Part of a nurse's responsibility also involves monitoring the patient before, during, and after ECT sessions. This includes managing any side effects and ensuring the patient is recovering appropriately. Therefore, ongoing education and training in ECT protocols are paramount for nursing professionals.