Question

Which of the following types of microorganisms is photosynthetic? a. yeast b. virus c. helminth d. alga

Short answer

d. alga

Step-by-step solution

Define Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis is the process by which certain organisms convert light energy into chemical energy, typically producing oxygen and glucose from carbon dioxide and water.

Analyze Each Option

Examine each option to determine whether the type of microorganism is capable of photosynthesis.

Evaluate Yeast

Yeast is a type of fungus that does not perform photosynthesis. It primarily relies on fermentation for energy production.

Evaluate Virus

Viruses are not capable of performing photosynthesis. They are obligate intracellular parasites that rely on a host cell for replication and energy.

Evaluate Helminth

Helminths are parasitic worms that do not perform photosynthesis. They obtain energy by feeding on a host organism.

Evaluate Alga

Algae are photosynthetic organisms. They use chlorophyll to convert light energy into chemical energy, producing oxygen and glucose.

Conclusion

Among the given options, only algae are capable of photosynthesis.

Key concepts

photosynthesis

Photosynthesis is an essential process used by certain organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy. During photosynthesis, light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll and other pigments. This energy then converts carbon dioxide and water into glucose, a type of sugar, and releases oxygen as a byproduct. The overall reaction is represented by the equation: During this process:

• Light energy is captured
• Carbon dioxide is converted
• Oxygen is released

This process is critical for the survival of most life on Earth as it provides the primary source of energy for many ecosystems.

alga

Algae are a diverse group of photosynthetic microorganisms that play a crucial role in aquatic ecosystems. These organisms use chlorophyll to capture light energy and produce glucose and oxygen through photosynthesis. There are two main types of algae:

• Microalgae: Single-celled organisms like phytoplankton
• Macroalgae: Larger, multicellular organisms like seaweed

Microalgae are found in freshwater and marine environments and contribute significantly to oxygen production and carbon dioxide absorption.

microbial energy production

Microbial energy production involves the various ways microorganisms generate energy for growth and reproduction. Some microorganisms, like algae, use photosynthesis to produce energy. Others rely on different processes:

• Fermentation: Used by yeast to convert sugars into energy without oxygen
• Cellular Respiration: Involves breaking down glucose with oxygen to produce ATP (energy)

Each method of energy production allows microorganisms to thrive in different environments.

fungi

Fungi are a kingdom of organisms that do not use photosynthesis. Instead, they obtain energy through the decomposition of organic matter. Key characteristics of fungi include:

• Cell walls made of chitin
• Reproduction by spores
• Heterotrophic nutrition (they absorb nutrients from other organic materials)

Examples of fungi include yeasts, molds, and mushrooms. Yeasts are particularly important in food production, such as bread and beer making.

viruses

Viruses are unique infectious agents that cannot perform photosynthesis or produce energy independently. They require a host cell to replicate and produce more viruses. Characteristics of viruses include:

• Lack of cellular structure
• Genetic material encased in a protein coat
• Dependence on host cells for reproduction

Because viruses lack metabolic processes, they are often considered non-living entities.

helminths

Helminths are a category of parasitic worms that do not perform photosynthesis. They live and feed on host organisms, often causing disease. Types of helminths include:

• Roundworms (Nematodes)
• Flatworms (Trematodes and Cestodes)

Helminths derive energy by consuming the host's nutrients, which can lead to malnutrition and other health issues in the host.