Question

Which client would the nurse expect to have an order for antiviral therapy? a. 3-month-old boy with diaper candidiasis b. 10-year-old girl with eczema affecting the face and neck c. 45-year-old woman with impetigo of 10 days duration d. 75-year-old man who broke out with herpes zoster 12 hours ago

Short answer

d. 75-year-old man who broke out with herpes zoster 12 hours ago

Step-by-step solution

Understand the Conditions

Identify the medical conditions mentioned in each option. Diaper candidiasis is a fungal infection, eczema is a skin condition, impetigo is a bacterial infection, and herpes zoster (shingles) is a viral infection.

Identify the Correct Treatment

Determine which conditions would typically be treated with antiviral therapy. Antiviral therapy is used to treat viral infections.

Match the Condition with the Treatment

Compare the conditions identified in Step 1 with the requirement for antiviral therapy determined in Step 2. Herpes zoster, the viral infection, would be treated with antiviral therapy.

Pick the Correct Option

Select the option that describes a client with herpes zoster, as this is the condition that requires antiviral therapy.

Key concepts

herpes zoster treatment

Herpes zoster, also known as shingles, is a viral infection caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus, which is the same virus that causes chickenpox. It typically presents as a painful rash with blisters, usually on one side of the body. Early treatment is crucial to manage symptoms and prevent complications.

Antiviral medications, such as acyclovir, valacyclovir, and famciclovir, are commonly prescribed to treat herpes zoster. These medications can help reduce the severity and duration of symptoms, especially if started within 72 hours of the rash appearing. They work by inhibiting the replication of the virus.

Other treatments may include pain relievers and topical creams to alleviate discomfort. In some cases, corticosteroids may be used to reduce inflammation. Vaccination can also help prevent herpes zoster, particularly in older adults.

viral infections

Viral infections are caused by viruses, which are microscopic infectious agents. Unlike bacteria, viruses cannot reproduce on their own and must invade host cells to multiply. Some well-known viral infections include the common cold, influenza, HIV/AIDS, and COVID-19.

Symptoms of viral infections vary widely depending on the virus but often include fever, fatigue, muscle aches, and respiratory issues. Diagnosis may involve laboratory tests, such as blood tests, swabs, or imaging studies.

Treatment for viral infections typically focuses on relieving symptoms, as many viral infections are self-limiting and resolve on their own. However, for certain viruses, antiviral medications can be effective. Vaccinations are also a crucial preventive measure for many viral infections, helping to protect individuals and communities by inducing immunity.

antiviral medications

Antiviral medications are drugs specifically designed to treat viral infections. They work by interfering with the virus's ability to replicate and spread within the body. Unlike antibiotics, which target bacteria, antivirals are specialized to combat viruses.

Common antiviral medications include:

• Acyclovir: Used for herpes simplex virus (HSV) and herpes zoster.
• Valacyclovir: Another option for HSV and herpes zoster, often preferred for its better absorption.
• Oseltamivir: Used to treat and prevent influenza (flu).
• Remdesivir: Used for treating severe cases of COVID-19.

The effectiveness of antiviral medications can depend on the timing of the treatment. For many viruses, the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it will be. Antivirals can help reduce the severity of symptoms, shorten the duration of illness, and prevent complications.

Side effects of antiviral medications can vary, but common ones include nausea, diarrhea, and headaches. It is essential to follow the prescribed dosage and to consult with a healthcare provider for any concerns or adverse reactions. Proper use of antiviral medications can significantly improve outcomes for individuals with viral infections.