Question

Identify two types of exercises a client can be taught to perform to decrease the postoperative complication deep vein thrombosis. a. ______________________________________________________ b. ______________________________________________________

Short answer

Two exercises to help decrease the risk of DVT postoperatively are ankle circles and leg elevations.

Step-by-step solution

Understanding Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) is a condition where a blood clot forms in a deep vein, usually in the legs. The goal of exercises after surgery is to improve blood circulation and prevent such clots from forming.

Identifying Suitable Exercises to Prevent DVT

The exercises should be designed to promote blood flow in the lower limbs without causing undue stress or strain post-surgery.

Ankle Circles

Teach the client to perform ankle circles. The client should gently rotate the ankle, drawing a circle with the toes. This movement helps stimulate circulation in the legs and can be done while seated or lying down.

Leg Elevations

Instruct the client on how to properly elevate the legs. Elevate the legs above the level of the heart to reduce swelling and improve venous return, which can also help prevent clots from forming. It should be done while lying down and can be combined with ankle circles for added benefit.

Key concepts

DVT Postoperative Exercises

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) can be a serious postoperative complication, particularly in patients who are immobile or bedridden. To prevent DVT, certain exercises that encourage blood flow in the lower limbs are recommended.

These exercises are designed not only to stimulate circulation but also to ensure that undue pressure is not applied to the surgical site or the legs. It is critical for patients to start moving as soon as it is considered safe by the healthcare team, which usually involves light activity that gradually increases in intensity based on the patient's healing process.

• Ankle circles and pumps help in mobilizing the feet and improving circulation.
• Leg elevations assist in reducing swelling and promoting venous return to the heart.
• Gentle knee bends and straightening, when done in bed, can activate leg muscles without significant risk.

It's necessary for patients to understand the importance of these exercises and to perform them regularly as instructed. In addition to exercising, ambulation or walking, as tolerated, is also strongly encouraged to prevent DVT.

Ankle Circles Exercise

The Ankle Circles exercise is a simple yet effective movement for enhancing circulation in the legs and can be a valuable tool in DVT prevention.

To perform ankle circles correctly, the patient should either be seated or lying down. They can start by extending one leg or keeping it bent, and then gently rotate the ankle, drawing a circle with the toes. This movement can be performed in both clockwise and counterclockwise directions. It's important to keep the circles smooth and to avoid any sudden or jerky motions that might cause unnecessary strain.

• Start by doing 10 circles in each direction, then switch to the other ankle.
• Repeat the exercise several times a day.
• Incorporate ankle pumps (up and down motions) to complement the exercise.
• Ensure consistent breathing and avoid holding breath during the exercise.

This activity can be particularly beneficial when performed regularly and can be easily incorporated into the patient's routine, even while watching TV or reading.

Leg Elevations Exercise

Leg elevations are an excellent way to reduce swelling and promote blood flow back to the heart, which can contribute to the prevention of DVT postoperatively.

To properly elevate the legs, the patient should lie flat on their back on a comfortable surface. A pillow or foam wedge can be placed beneath the legs to lift them above the level of the heart. Patients should ensure that the elevation is comfortable and that it does not put undue pressure on the knees. The legs can be held in this position for several minutes at a time.

• Keep the legs straight without locking the knees.
• Avoid crossing the legs or ankles that can restrict blood flow.
• If lying flat is uncomfortable, a slight head elevation can be used.
• Combine leg elevations with ankle circles to maximize the benefits.

As with any postoperative exercise, it is vital to follow medical advice tailored to the individual's specific condition and surgery. Regular performance of this exercise can greatly contribute to reducing the risk of DVT post-surgery.