Question

What are the two major types of cells in the brain, and what do they do?

Short answer

The two major types of cells in the brain are neurons and glial cells. Neurons are responsible for receiving sensory input, sending motor commands, and transforming and relaying electrical signals. Glial cells provide support and protection for neurons, supply them with nutrients and oxygen, maintain homeostasis, form a barrier against pathogens, and aid in signal transmission.

Step-by-step solution

Identify the Major Cell Types

The brain fundamentally comprises two types of cells: Neurons and Glial cells.

Understand Function of Neurons

Neurons, or nerve cells, are the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, the cells responsible for receiving sensory input from the external world, sending motor commands to our muscles, and transforming and relaying the electrical signals at every step in between.

Explore Roles of Glial Cells

Glial cells, or simply glia, are non-neuronal cells in the brain that support neurons, by providing support and protection, supplying nutrients and oxygen, maintaining homeostasis, forming a barrier against pathogens, and aiding in signal transmission.