Question

Distinguish between a driver mutation and a passenger mutation.

Short answer

Driver mutations are genetic alterations that contribute to the growth of cancer cells and its progression, while passenger mutations, though found in cancer cells, do not contribute to the growth and development of cancer.

Step-by-step solution

Define Driver Mutation

A driver mutation is a genetic alteration that leads to the growth of cancer cells. It offers a selective growth advantage to the cells and is usually the 'driving force' behind cancer progression.

Define Passenger Mutation

A passenger mutation is a genetic alteration that is often found in the grown cancer cells but unlike driver mutations, it does not contribute to the growth and development of cancer. It 'passively' comes along with the cancer growth.

Differences

The primary difference between driver and passenger mutations lies in their roles in causing disease. Driver mutations directly contribute to the development and progression of disease, while passenger mutations, while present, do not directly drive disease progression.