Question

What is the role of poor DNA repair in causing cancer?

Short answer

Poor DNA repair leads to an accumulation of mutations in the cell's DNA, which can lead to uncontrolled cell growth if these mutations occur in crucial genes. This uncontrolled growth is one of the main characteristics of cancer.

Step-by-step solution

Understanding DNA repair

Genetic information in cells is stored within DNA. When a DNA molecule is damaged, the cell uses proteins to repair the DNA. This repair process is crucial to maintain the integrity of the genome and prevent mutation.

Connecting DNA repair and cancer

When the DNA repair system is deficient, the cell accumulates DNA damage. This might result in alterations or mutations in the DNA sequence.

Role of mutations in causing cancer

Mutations can potentially lead to unregulated cell growth. This can occur if the mutations are in oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. Oncogenes are the genes that can turn a healthy cell into a cancerous cell when overactive. On the other hand, Tumor suppressor genes control cell growth and prevent cells from growing and dividing too rapidly or in an uncontrolled way.

Summary of poor DNA repair's role in cancer

In conclusion, poor DNA repair may lead to an accumulation of mutations. If these mutations occur in critical regions, such as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes, they may lead to uncontrolled cell growth and, eventually, cancer.