Question

Why are specific population databases needed to interpret DNA profiles?

Short answer

Specific population databases are needed to interpret DNA profiles because the significance of matching a DNA sample to a particular profile can differ based on the frequency distribution of genetic markers within various populations. Thus, they provide a statistical basis for estimating how common or rare a particular DNA profile might be in a specific population.

Step-by-step solution

Understanding DNA profiling

DNA profiling is a method to identify individuals by their DNA characteristics. DNA characteristics can include things such as markers, which are essentially regions containing repeats or variable sections of DNA.

Understanding Population Databases

A population database is a collection of DNA profiles from a specific group of people. These databases typically contain information about the frequencies of various genetic markers in that population.

Connecting DNA Profiling to Population Databases

The probability that a particular DNA profile appears in a population can be calculated using information from the population database. It provides a statistical basis for estimating how common or rare a particular DNA profile might be.

The Need for Specific Population Databases

The need for specific population databases arises because the frequency of particular genetic markers can vary between different populations. Therefore, the significance of matching a DNA sample to a particular profile can differ based on which population database is applied for the analysis.