Question

Identify the structures and/or DNA sequences that must be present for a chromosome to carry information and withstand the forces of cell division.

Short answer

The structures and DNA sequences necessary for a chromosome to carry information and withstand the forces of cell division are the DNA sequence, which encodes the genes; the centromere, which serves as an attachment point for spindle fibers during cell division; and the telomeres, which protect the chromosome's integrity and counteract the natural shortening of DNA strands during replication.

Step-by-step solution

Identify the DNA Sequence

The DNA Sequence holds the genetic information in a visually linear sequence of base pairs. These base pairs encode the genes, which in turn encode the necessary proteins for life processes. This sequence is thus critical for a chromosome to carry information.

Explain the role of the Centromere

The Centromere is a region of DNA typically found near the middle of a chromosome where two identical sister chromatids come in contact. It serves as an attachment point for spindle fibers during cell division, which helps in the proper segregation of chromosomes, thus enabling a chromosome to withstand the forces of cell division.

Define the importance of Telomeres

Telomeres are the ends of a chromosome, and they protect a chromosome’s integrity by preventing the fusion with nearby chromosomes. Their primary function is to counteract the natural shortening of DNA strands during replication, ensuring that no important genetic information is lost from the ends of the chromosome during cell division.