Question

List the three major types of RNA and their functions.

Short answer

The three major types of RNA are messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). mRNA transports genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes; tRNA translates the mRNA sequence into an amino acid sequence during translation; rRNA forms the main constituents of ribosomes and facilitates the alignment of mRNA and the ribosomes during protein synthesis.

Step-by-step solution

Identify the First Type of RNA and Its Function

The first type of RNA is messenger RNA (mRNA). It functions as an intermediary between DNA and protein. It carries the genetic sequence information from DNA to the ribosomes, the sites of protein synthesis.

Identify the Second Type of RNA and Its Function

The second type of RNA is transfer RNA (tRNA). It serves as a connector that binds specific amino acids and recognizes specific nucleic acid sequences in the mRNA through its anticodon, thereby translating the nucleic acid sequence into an amino acid sequence during the process of translation.

Identify the Third Type of RNA and Its Function

The third type of RNA is Ribosomal RNA (rRNA). It, along with proteins, composes the ribosomes. rRNA ensures the proper alignment of the mRNA and the ribosomes during protein synthesis and catalyzes the formation of the peptide bonds between aligned amino acids during protein synthesis.