Question

All of the following cellular activities require energy except: a. facilitated transport b. active transport c. movement d. protein synthesis e. cell division

Short answer

a. facilitated transport

Step-by-step solution

Understand the types of cellular activities

Identify each cellular activity option listed in the question: facilitated transport, active transport, movement, protein synthesis, and cell division.

Determine which activities require energy

Review each activity to see if it requires energy (ATP):- Active transport: Requires energy to move substances against their concentration gradient.- Movement: Requires energy for cellular structures like cilia and flagella to function.- Protein synthesis: Requires energy for the assembly of amino acids into proteins.- Cell division: Requires energy for processes like mitosis and cytokinesis.

Identify the activity that does not require energy

Facilitated transport: This process uses a concentration gradient and transport proteins to move substances across the cell membrane without the need for energy.

Conclude the answer

Since facilitated transport does not require energy, it does not fit the criteria of needing ATP, unlike the other processes which do.

Key concepts

facilitated transport

Facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, is a process that allows substances to move across cell membranes without the need for energy (ATP). Instead, it relies on a concentration gradient.
Substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. This is a passive process.
Facilitated transport utilizes transport proteins embedded in the cell membrane to help specific molecules, like glucose or ions, pass through.

• No energy (ATP) needed
• Relies on concentration gradient
• Uses transport proteins
• Moves substances like glucose

active transport

Active transport is a cellular process that requires energy to move substances against their concentration gradient. The energy used is often in the form of ATP.
Unlike passive transport, this process is essential for maintaining concentration differences across cell membranes. Special proteins, known as pumps, facilitate active transport.

• Requires energy (ATP)
• Moves substances against the concentration gradient
• Utilizes protein pumps
• Essential for cellular homeostasis

protein synthesis

Protein synthesis is the process by which cells build proteins. This process occurs in two main stages: transcription and translation.
During transcription, the DNA sequence of a gene is copied into mRNA. In translation, the mRNA is used to assemble amino acids into a specific protein at the ribosome.

• Requires energy (ATP)
• Two main stages: transcription and translation
• Involves DNA, RNA, ribosomes
• Crucial for cell function and growth

cell division

Cell division is the process by which a single cell divides to form two new cells. There are two main types of cell division: mitosis and meiosis.
Mitosis results in two identical daughter cells, whereas meiosis results in four genetically varied cells for sexual reproduction. Both processes require significant energy.

• Requires energy (ATP)
• Types: mitosis and meiosis
• Mitosis produces identical cells
• Meiosis produces varied reproductive cells
• Necessary for growth, repair, and reproduction

energy requirements in cells

Energy is vital for various cellular activities. ATP, or adenosine triphosphate, serves as the primary energy currency in cells.
Processes like active transport, protein synthesis, and cell division all require ATP to function properly. Without sufficient energy, cells cannot maintain homeostasis or carry out essential functions.

• ATP is the main energy source
• Needed for active transport, protein synthesis, cell division
• Supports cellular homeostasis and function
• Energy drives all vital cellular activities