Question

Why is cancer called a genetic disease? a. Cancer is always inherited. b. Carcinogenesis is accompanied by mutations. c. Cancer causes mutations that are passed on to offspring. d. All of these are correct.

Short answer

b. Carcinogenesis is accompanied by mutations.

Step-by-step solution

Understanding Cancer

Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled growth of cells, which can invade and destroy nearby tissues and spread to other parts of the body.

Understanding Genetic Diseases

A genetic disease is caused by alterations or mutations in an individual's DNA. These mutations may be inherited or can occur spontaneously during the individual's lifetime.

Understanding Mutations

Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence that can have various consequences on the structure, function and regulation of genes. Some mutations can lead to genetic diseases, including cancer. Now, let's analyze each statement:

a. Cancer is always inherited.

While hereditary factors can play a role in some cancer types, not all cancers are inherited. Some cancers are due to sporadic mutations that occur during a person's lifetime. So, this statement is incorrect.

b. Carcinogenesis is accompanied by mutations.

Carcinogenesis refers to the process of normal cells transforming into cancerous cells. This process is, indeed, accompanied by mutations that cause cells to grow uncontrollably and spread to other areas of the body. Therefore, this statement is correct.

c. Cancer causes mutations that are passed on to offspring.

Cancer itself does not cause mutations that are passed on to offspring. Mutations related to cancer can be passed on to offspring only if they are present in the germ cells (sperm or egg). But cancer itself does not cause these mutations to be passed on to progeny. This statement is inaccurate.

d. All of these are correct.

Since not all of the statements are correct, this option is also incorrect. Based on our analysis:

Answer

The correct answer is: b. Carcinogenesis is accompanied by mutations. This statement best explains why cancer is called a genetic disease.