Question

List the bones that make up the cranium and the face. (pages \(237-40\) )

Short answer

The cranium is composed of eight bones: frontal, 2 parietal, 2 temporal, occipital, sphenoid, and ethmoid. The face has 14 bones: mandible, 2 maxillae, 2 zygomatic, 2 nasal, 2 lacrimal, 2 palatine, vomer, and 2 inferior nasal conchae.

Step-by-step solution

Identifying the bones of the cranium

The cranium is formed by eight bones that protect the brain. They are: 1. Frontal bone: This bone forms the forehead and upper part of the eye socket. 2. Parietal bones (2): Located on either side of the skull, these large, rectangular bones form the roof and sides of the cranium. 3. Temporal bones (2): These bones fold around the sides of the skull, near the ears, to help protect them and provide support for the jaw. 4. Occipital bone: This bone forms the back and base of the skull, providing support for the brainstem and spinal cord. 5. Sphenoid bone: Located at the base of the skull and in front of the temporal bones, this butterfly-shaped bone helps to form the eye sockets and supports the brain. 6. Ethmoid bone: Positioned between the eye sockets, this irregularly shaped bone helps to form the nasal cavity and the floor of the skull.

Identifying the bones of the face

The face is composed of 14 individual bones that provide structure and support for the facial features. They are: 1. Mandible: This is the lower jawbone and the largest, strongest bone in the face. 2. Maxillae bones (2): These two bones form the upper jaw, the roof of the mouth, and the base of the eye sockets. 3. Zygomatic bones (2): Also known as the cheekbones, these bones are situated on the sides of the face and provide support for the eye sockets. 4. Nasal bones (2): Positioned at the top and middle of the face, these bones shape the bridge of the nose. 5. Lacrimal bones (2): These small, thin bones are located near the inner corner of the eyes and help to form the eye sockets. 6. Palatine bones (2): These bones form the back part of the roof of the mouth and contribute to the floor and lateral walls of the nasal cavity. 7. Vomer: This thin, flat bone forms the inferior portion of the nasal septum (the wall that separates the nostrils). 8. Inferior nasal conchae (2): These curled, spongy bones are found on the lateral walls of the nasal cavity and help to filter and humidify the air we breathe in. In conclusion, the cranium consists of eight bones, while the face is made up of 14 bones. These bones are essential for providing structure, support, and protection to the brain and facial features.