Question

Which of the following types of chromosomal changes would you expect to have phenotypic consequences? Explain your choices. A. Pericentric inversion B. Reciprocal translocation C. Deletion D. Unbalanced translocation

Short answer

Pericentric inversion, reciprocal translocation, and deletion may all potentially result in phenotypic changes, depending on whether crucial genes are disrupted or deleted. An unbalanced translocation, on the other hand, results in an abnormal amount of genetic material and is more likely to result in phenotypic changes.

Step-by-step solution

Explain Pericentric inversion

A pericentric inversion is a chromosomal rearrangement where a segment of the chromosome that includes the centromere is inverted. This may or may not affect phenotype depending on whether crucial genes are disrupted as a result of the inversion. If key genes are disrupted, it may lead to phenotypic changes.

Explain Reciprocal translocation

A reciprocal translocation is where segments from two different non-homologous chromosomes have been exchanged. If the translocation disrupts important genes or alters the regulation of those genes, it can affect the phenotype. However, if the exchanged segments carry the same set of functional genes then it may not lead to phenotypic changes.

Explain Deletion

Deletion involves the loss of a segment of the chromosome. If the deleted segment contains important genes, then it will likely lead to an observable change in phenotype.

Explain Unbalanced translocation

Unbalanced translocation refers to a situation where a chromosome segment is added or deleted. This alter the normal balance of genetic material, frequently resulting in extra or missing genes. As such, unbalanced translocations are more likely to result in phenotypic changes.