Question

What is a meristem? Explain the role of meristems in plant development.

Short answer

A meristem is a region in plants composed of undifferentiated cells capable of division and growth. They are pivotal for plant growth as they contribute to elongation, girth increase and replacement of damaged cells by the continuous addition of new cells in different regions.

Step-by-step solution

Definition of Meristem

Meristems are regions in plants constituted of undifferentiated cells capable of division and growth. They are responsible for the plant's continuous growth. These meristematic cells divide and differentiate into diverse types of cells to facilitate growth, and are prevalent in areas of plant's growth such as branch tips and roots.

Description of Types of Meristem

There are primarily three types of meristems: 'Apical', found at the tips of roots and shoots and responsible for elongated growth; 'Lateral', contributing to the increase in the girth of the plant; and 'Intercalary', aiding in growth after periods of dormancy.

Role of Meristem in Plant Development

Due to the capability to divide and differentiate, meristematic cells play a pivotal role in the growth of a plant. They form tissues and organs by continuously adding new cells. This allows the plant to grow taller (with the help of apical meristem), wider (with lateral meristem) and replace damaged cells.