Question

Discuss the consequences of a germ-line versus a somatic mutation.

Short answer

Germ-line mutations occur in reproductive cells and can be passed onto offspring potentially causing inherited genetic disorders, while somatic mutations occur in non-reproductive cells and do not get passed onto offspring but can cause health issues in the individual such as cancer.

Step-by-step solution

Understanding Germ-line Mutations

Germ-Line Mutations are changes in the genome that occur in the germ cells, which are the reproductive cells that give rise to sperm and eggs. As such, these mutations can be passed on to offspring. The consequence is that if the mutation is deleterious, it could affect the offspring's development or could result in genetic disorders being passed down through generations. In more extreme cases, it could lead to lethality before the individual is even born. Conversely, beneficial germ-line mutations may provide an evolutionary advantage.

Understanding Somatic Mutations

Somatic Mutations are changes that occur in the DNA of somatic cells, or non-reproductive cells. Thus, these cannot be passed onto offspring. Somatic mutations only affect the individual in which they occur. The results of these mutations can vary greatly depending on where in the body they occur. For example, somatic mutations that occur in skin cells may result in conditions like albinism where there is no melanin production in the skin, hair, and eyes. When somatic mutations occur in many cells or crucial cells, they can lead to diseases such as cancer.

Comparing Germ-line and Somatic Mutations

In terms of consequences, germ-line mutations are usually more serious because they can be passed down to future generations and affect the overall population's gene pool. In contrast, somatic mutations only affect the individual and can have health implications depending on the nature and location of the mutation.