Question

What is the function of the nucleolus?

Short answer

The primary function of the nucleolus is to produce and assemble ribosome's subunits which are vital for protein synthesis. It is also involved in additional cellular activities such as cell-cycle regulation and stress responses.

Step-by-step solution

Identifying the Location and General Function of Nucleolus

The nucleolus, located within the nucleus of a cell, is primarily known for its role in producing ribosomes which are vital for protein synthesis. It's considered the largest structure in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

Discussing the Role in Ribosome Biogenesis

One of the primary roles of the nucleolus is to transcribe and assemble ribosomal RNA (rRNA) subunits. These rRNA subunits, coupled with proteins, result in the formation of ribosomal subunits. These subunits migrate out of the nucleus, into the cytoplasm where they undergo final maturation.

Listing Additional Functions of the Nucleolus

Beyond playing a critical role in ribosome assembly, the nucleolus is also involved in other important cellular activities. These include cell-cycle regulation, stress responses, and the modification and assembly of transfer RNA and small nuclear RNA.