Question

Discuss the similarities and differences between RNA polymerase (described in this chapter) and DNA polymerase (described in Chapter 11).

Short answer

Both RNA and DNA polymerase are enzymes that synthesize nucleic acids. They both function by reading the DNA strand in the 3' to 5' direction. However, RNA polymerase can initiate RNA synthesis, but DNA polymerase requires a primer to initiate DNA synthesis. Furthermore, DNA polymerase has proofreading activity; RNA polymerase does not have this and the mistakes remain uncorrected.

Step-by-step solution

Understand the Mechanisms

Firstly, explore and understand the mechanisms of each - RNA polymerase and DNA polymerase. RNA polymerase is an enzyme that is responsible for making RNA from a DNA template, while DNA polymerase is an enzyme that synthesizes DNA molecules from nucleotides, the building blocks of DNA.

Identify the Similarities

Both RNA polymerase and DNA polymerase function in a similar manner. They read the DNA and catalyze the synthesis of a new strand. Both enzymes function by reading the DNA strand in the 3' to 5' direction.

Recognize the Differences

There are significant differences between these two as well. One main difference is that DNA polymerase requires a primer to start synthesis, RNA polymerase does not. Furthermore, while DNA polymerase has proofreading activity to correct mistakes, RNA polymerase lacks this feature and is unable to correct mistakes it makes while synthesizing RNA.

Summarize the Comparison

Finally, summarize the information, outlining the fundamental roles they play, how they are similar, and how they are unique in their operation.