Question

Human cells contain a protein that binds to the ${\mathbf{\text{5}}}^{\mathbf{\text{'}}}$ triphosphate groups of RNA. Explain why this protein would be part of the defense against viral infection.

Short answer

A cap is formed by esterifying the $\text{5'}$-triphosphate.

Step-by-step solution

Definition of Concept

Human cells: All living things are made up of cells, which are the basic building blocks. The human body contains trillions of cells. They support the body's structure, absorb nutrients from food, convert those nutrients to energy, and perform specialized functions.

Explain the protein would be part of the defense against viral infection

The enzyme guanyl transferase adds the cap. This end is an immune system sensor. Once the virus binds to the cell, it detects the infection and sends information to other enzymes and proteins, causing Type 1 IFN to be released.