Question

Why is apoptosis preferable of necrosis?

Short answer

Necrosis is an unplanned alteration in cell mechanisms that leads to damage and the generation of an immune response in the body. Apoptosis, on the other hand, is a programmed cell death that is necessary for the proper growth and development of a multi-cellular organism. Thus, apoptosis is preferable to necrosis.

Step-by-step solution

Necrosis

Necrosis is a type of cell death that is driven by diseases and external factors such as lack of oxygen, mechanical injury, etc. Necrosis causes cells and membrane-enclosed organelles to enlarge when water enters through the damaged membrane, followed by the release of contents into the neighbouring region.

The uncontrolled release of cytochrome and the phospholipid (phosphatidylserine) in the cell membrane induces immediate reactions in the surrounding tissues, resulting in inflammation and edema.

Necrotic cells, unlike apoptotic cells, are not cleaned of their cellular debris by macrophages. Therefore, the repercussions of the cell rupture can spread swiftly and throughout the body for lengthy periods of time. As a result, necrosis evokes an immune response in the body.

Apoptosis

Apoptosis causes cells to shrink, form blebs on the cell membrane, have their nuclei degrade genetic and protein components, and have their mitochondria break down, releasing cytochrome.

These substances cause macrophages to destroy dead cells and fragments. A typically inert phospholipid in a cell's membrane triggers macrophages to produce cytokines that suppress inflammatory reactions. Thus, apoptosis does not evoke an immune response.

Apoptosis is preferable to necrosis  

Necrosis is an unregulated alteration in an organism’s cell balance that is harmful for the organism and is associated with negative symptoms. Apoptosis, on the other hand, is a normal aspect of an animal’s growth and development and is not associated with any visible symptoms.

Hence, apoptosis is better than necrosis.