Chapter 7: Q7CP (page 200)
What is the physiological relevance of the Bohr effect and BPG?
The Bohr effect and BPG are important in binding O2 with hemoglobin and releasing O2 from hemoglobin.
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Some bacteria produce proteases that can cleave the hinge region of IgA molecules without affecting antigen binding. Explain why these proteases would give the bacteria a better chance of starting an infection.
Individuals with the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) produce antibodies to DNA and phospholipids. (a) Explain why normal individuals do not make antibodies to these substances. (b) During a normal response to a viral or bacterial infection, the immune system produces large amounts of antigen-specific antibodies, and the resulting antigenโantibody complexes are subsequently removed from the circulation and degraded. Explain why antigenโantibody complexes accumulate in the tissues of individuals with SLE.
In the variant hemoglobin C, glutamate at position 6 of the ฮฒ chain has been replaced with lysine. (a) Would you expect this mutant hemoglobin to polymerize as hemoglobin S does? (b) Red blood cells containing hemoglobin C have a shorter lifespan than red blood cells containing normal hemoglobin. How might this affect a personโs resistance to malaria?
How many hypervariable loops are present in (a) IgG and (b) IgM?
In active muscles, the pO2 may be 10 torr at the cell surface and 1 torr at the mitochondria (the organelles where oxidative metabolism occurs). Use Eq. 7-6 to show how myoglobin (p50 = 2.8 torr) facilitates the diffusion of O2 through these cells.
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