Chapter 7: Q11P (page 219)
Is myosin a fibrous protein or a globular protein? Explain.
Myosin is both a fibrous and a globular protein.
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(a) Look up information about hemoglobin variants. Why don’t they generate the same symptoms? How do the symptoms of thalassemias differ? Which hemoglobin variants appear to offer a selective advantage under certain conditions? (b) In addition to myosin, which interacts with actin filaments, cells contain several other motor protein systems. Describe the structure and activity of the motor proteins kinesin and dynein. Against what fibrous proteins do they exert force? How do these systems differ from the actin–myosin system? (c) Explain how immunological memory is exploited in the development of vaccines for viral and bacterial infections. What factors make a vaccine most effective in preventing disease?
Is the P50 higher or lower than normal in (a) hemoglobin Yakima and (b) hemoglobin Kansas? Explain.
Explain why mutations can increase or decrease the oxygen affinity and cooperativity of hemoglobin. How can the body compensate for those changes?
An anemic individual, whose blood has only half the normal Hb content, may appear to be in good health. Yet a normal individual is incapacitated by exposure to sufficient carbon monoxide to occupy half of his/her heme sites (pCO of 1 torr for∼1 h; CO binds to Hb with 200-fold greater affinity than does O2). Explain.
In striated muscle, cells undergo mitosis (nuclear division) without cytokinesis (cellular division), giving rise to large multinucleated cells. Explain why muscle cells would be less effective if cytokinesis occurred with every round of mitosis.
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