Question

If the substance is charged, what additional information do you need in order to predict whether its transmembrane movement will be spontaneous?

Short answer

Therefore, the material diffuses at a rate proportionate to the gradient's magnitude in the direction that eliminates the concentration gradient. The rate of diffusion of a material is also influenced by its solubility in the non-polar core of the membrane.

Step-by-step solution

Introduction

The amount of free energyrequired to move a material through a membrane is determined by depending on both sides of the membrane's concentrations. In the case of ions, the change in free energyis dependent on the kind of ion.

Transmembrane movement will be spontaneous

We must always act as though we are measuring a mole of cells or membrane vesicles, each of which is transmittingone molecule of A. The energy required to move a mole of A from one side of the membrane to the other without affecting the concentration of A on either side is known as molar free energy. The amount of energy required to move a charge from one side of the membrane to the other in oxidation/reduction reactions is proportional to the voltage differential (V) between the two sides of the membrane, where theFaraday constant is constant.

The free energy change is -

$∆G=RT\ln \frac{{\left[A\right]}_{in}}{{\left[A\right]}_{out}}+ZF∆V$

Where,

Z is the change of the particle being transferred.

F is the Faraday constant.

Conclusion

As a result, the amount of energy released in the conversion of reactants to products under normal circumstances is the standard free energy change of a chemical process.