Question

How do statins reduce cholesterol levels?

Short answer

The stains inhibit the activity of the HMG-CoA reductase enzyme to reduce the level of cholesterol.

Step-by-step solution

Hypercholesterolemia

The condition in which the level of cholesterol rises in the body is known as hypercholesterolemia. It can be harmful to the body as it causes the collection of fats in the arteries.

Reduction of cholesterol levels

The statins can reduce the level of cholesterol by inhibiting an enzyme called HMG-CoA reductase that is involved in the biosynthesis of cholesterol. These drugs have a group that is similar to HMG. It binds with the HMG-CoA reductase, preventing its interaction with the HMG-CoA (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA). Hence, statins help to treat the condition of hypercholesterolemia.