Question

Which of the functional groups in Table 1-3 give a molecule a positive charge? Which give a molecule a negative charge?

Short answer

A positive charge is given to a molecule by an amino or imino group, whereas a negative charge is given to a molecule by a carboxylate or phosphoryl group.

Step-by-step solution

Functional groups

The term functional group refers to a group of atoms or bonds in a chemical structure that have distinct qualities. Alcohols, carboxylic acids, amines, ethers, and ketones are examples of compounds that charge the hydrocarbon chain.

Explanation of functional groups

The reactive portions of molecules that have been functionalized with atoms or groups of atoms are known as functional groups. Alcohols$\left(\text{- OH}\right)$, carbonyls $\left(\text{C = O}\right)$, carboxylic acids $\left(\text{- COOH}\right)$, amines $\left({\text{- NH}}_{\text{2}}\right)$, and esters are the most frequent functional groups $\left(\text{- COOR}\right)$.

Functional groups that imparts positive charge

Amino group and imino group are two functional groups associated with biomolecules that give them a positive charge. They can to take from a molecule and give it a positive charge.

Functional groups that imparts negative charge

The carboxylate group, alcohol group, phosphor-anhydride group, and phosphodiester linkages are the functional groups that give biomolecules a negative charge. They emit ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$and leave a negative charge on the molecule.

Hence, the amino and imino group imparts a positive charge to a molecule and the carboxylate group imparts a negative charge.