Question

Using the reaction shown in Box 11-1 (the attack of an amine on thecarbonyl group of a ketone) as a starting point, draw curved arrows torepresent the acid-catalyzed reaction (when the group —A—H is present).

Short answer

A curved arrow is used in organic chemistry to show the complete reaction mechanism whose tail point toward the electron-rich species and heads toward the electron-deficient species.

Step-by-step solution

Curved arrow

A curved arrow is used in organic chemistry to show the complete reaction mechanism whose tail point toward the electron-rich species and heads toward the electron-deficient species.

Curved arrow showing acid catalyzed reaction

The alpha hydrogen is in resonance with carbonyl carbon shifting the electron density to oxygen which attacks the proton from the HA (anion left), shown by the curved arrow. Finally, on the removal of proton forms the carbon-carbon double bond and bond between oxygen and hydrogen is formed further of hydrolysis of anion reform again H-A acid the mechanism is shown using the curved arrow as follows:

Curved arrow showing acid catalyzed reaction