Chapter 17: Q10CP (page 579)
How much ATP can be generated from glucose when the citric acid cycle is operating?
The net ATP production is 24 ATP.
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Which citric acid cycle intermediates can be directly used in gluconeogenesis? Which can be used for fatty acid synthesis? Which can be directly converted to amino acids?
Question: The action of malic enzyme opposes the action of pyruvate carboxylase. (a) Diagram the substrate cycle formed by these enzymes plus a third enzyme. (b) Write the net equation for converting malate to pyruvate and back to malate. What does this accomplish for the cell?
Malonate competes with succinate in the succinate dehydrogenase reaction. Explain why increasing the oxaloacetate concentration can overcome malonate inhibition.
Describe the five reactions of the pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex.
Some human brain cancer cells contain a mutated form of isocitrate dehydrogenase that has lost its normal activity and instead catalyzes the NADP+-dependent reduction of the carbonyl group of ฮฑ-ketoglutarate. Draw the structure of the reaction product.
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