Question

Nearly all enzymes that require a nicotinamide cofactor use either $NA{D}^{+}/NADH$ or $NAD{P}^{+}/NADPH$ (Figure $11-3$) but not both. Compare the net charge of each cofactor.

Short answer

The charges of $NA{D}^{+}/NADH$are $+1/0$and $NAD{P}^{+}/NADPH$are $-1/-2$.

Step-by-step solution

Enzymes

Enzyme, a molecule that works as a catalyst in living organisms, controlling the pace at which chemical processes take place without changing itself.

Explanation

Since the hydrogen in the nicotinamide ring is uncharged, $NA{D}^{+}$ has a net charge of +1, while $NADH$has a net charge of zero. The phosphate group in $NAD{P}^{+}$has a net charge of $-1$and $NADPH$has a negative net charge of $-2$.

Reduced forms

Hence, they have different charges.