Chapter 13: Q18P (page 440)
Diacylglycerol is a substrate for the enzyme diacylglycerol kinase. What is the product of this reaction?
Diacylglycerol kinase phosphorylates diacylglycerol, removing it from the phosphoinositide pathway.
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Describe how G proteins are activated and inactivated. What protein functions as a GEF?
How is PKA activity regulated?
How do biological signaling systems support the idea that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts?
One of the toxins produced by Bacillus anthracis (the cause of anthrax) is known as EF, or edema factor (edema is the abnormal buildup of extracellular fluid). EF, which enters mammalian host cells, is a calmodulin-activated adenylate cyclase. Explain how this toxin causes edema.
An insulin receptor substrate (IRS) contains a so-called plekstrin homology (PH) domain that binds to the inositol head group of membrane lipids, a phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domain that differs from an SH2 domain, and six to eight Tyr residues that may be phosphorylated. Explain how each of these features contributes to signal transduction.
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