Question

As part of a cancer research project, you have discovered a gene that is mutated in many metastatic tumors. After determining the DNA sequence of this gene, you compare the sequence with those of other genes in the human genome sequence database. Your gene appears to code for an amino acid sequence that resembles sequences found in some serine proteases. Conjecture how your new gene might contribute to the development of highly invasive cancers.

Short answer

Answer: The gene might contribute to highly invasive cancers by encoding a serine protease-like enzyme that is involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. This enzyme could promote the breakdown of ECM components, allowing cancer cells to invade nearby tissues more easily and ultimately promoting highly invasive cancer development and metastasis.

Step-by-step solution

Understand serine proteases and their role in cancer

Serine proteases are a group of enzymes that cleave peptide bonds in proteins, breaking down and modifying these proteins. They play important roles in several biological processes, such as digestion, blood clotting, and inflammation. In cancer, serine proteases have been implicated in various processes including tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. This is mainly due to their ability to remodel the extracellular matrix (ECM) and facilitate tumor cells migration.

Consider the role of extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling in cancer invasion

The extracellular matrix is a complex network of proteins, glycoproteins, and other components that provide structural support for cells and tissues. In cancer development, the remodeling of ECM plays a crucial role in allowing cancer cells to invade surrounding tissues and eventually spread to other parts of the body, a process known as metastasis. Proteases, including serine proteases, facilitate this ECM remodeling, breaking down protein barriers and making it easier for cancer cells to move through the surrounding environment.

Formulate a hypothesis on how the discovered gene might contribute to cancer invasion

Considering the resemblance of the discovered gene's amino acid sequence with that of serine proteases, it is possible that this mutated gene codes for a serine protease-like enzyme that is involved in ECM remodeling. This protease could promote the breakdown of ECM components, allowing cancer cells to invade nearby tissues more easily and ultimately promoting highly invasive cancer development. In summary, based on the resemblance between the discovered gene and serine proteases, it can be conjectured that this new gene might contribute to cancer development by encoding an enzyme that aids in ECM remodeling, promoting tumor invasion and metastasis.