Question

Define these pairs of terms, and distinguish between them. aneuploidy/euploidy monosomy/trisomy Patau syndrome/Edwards syndrome autopolyploidy/allopolyploidy autotetraploid/amphidiploid paracentric inversion/pericentric inversion

Short answer

Answer: Aneuploidy refers to a chromosomal number that is not an exact multiple of the haploid number, resulting from the loss or gain of one or more chromosomes. Euploidy, on the other hand, is when an organism's chromosomes exist in exact multiples of the haploid number.

Step-by-step solution

Aneuploidy vs Euploidy

Aneuploidy refers to a chromosomal number that is not an exact multiple of the haploid number, resulting from the loss or gain of one or more chromosomes. Euploidy, on the other hand, is when an organism's chromosomes exist in exact multiples of the haploid number.

Monosomy vs Trisomy

Monosomy is a type of aneuploidy in which an organism has a single copy of a chromosome instead of the usual two copies (2n - 1). Trisomy is the presence of an extra chromosome in an organism, resulting in three copies instead of the usual two (2n + 1).

Patau Syndrome vs Edwards Syndrome

Patau Syndrome (also known as Trisomy 13) is a chromosomal abnormality characterized by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 13. It often results in severe physical and developmental disorders. Edwards Syndrome (also known as Trisomy 18) is a chromosomal abnormality where there is an extra copy of chromosome 18, which also results in severe physical and developmental disorders.

Autopolyploidy vs Allopolyploidy

Autopolyploidy is a type of polyploidy in which an organism has multiple sets of chromosomes that are identical and derived from the same species. Allopolyploidy occurs when an organism has multiple sets of chromosomes derived from different species due to hybridization.

Autotetraploid vs Amphidiploid

Autotetraploid refers to an organism with four sets of chromosomes derived from the same species (4n), which is a type of autopolyploidy. Amphidiploid (also known as allopolyploid) refers to an organism that has two complete sets of chromosomes derived from two different species (2n + 2n).

Paracentric Inversion vs Pericentric Inversion

Paracentric inversion is a chromosomal abnormality in which a segment of chromosome is inverted and does not include the centromere. Pericentric inversion, on the other hand, is a chromosomal inversion that includes the centromere and the inverted segment changes the position of the centromere within the chromosome.