Question

Name the part of a synovial joint with each of the following functions: (pp. 129, 132) a. Fluid within the joint cavity that prevents friction b. Encloses the joint in a strong sheath c. Provides a smooth surface on bone surfaces d. Lines the joint capsule and secretes synovial fluid

Short answer

a. Preventing friction within the joint cavity b. Enclosing the joint in a strong sheath c. Providing a smooth surface on bone surfaces d. Lining the joint capsule and secreting synovial fluid Answer: a. Synovial fluid b. Joint capsule c. Articular cartilage d. Synovial membrane (synovium)

Step-by-step solution

a. Fluid within the joint cavity that prevents friction

The fluid within the joint cavity that prevents friction is called "synovial fluid". Synovial fluid is a thick, viscous substance that fills the joint cavity and helps lubricate and cushion the joint, reducing friction between the bones.

b. Encloses the joint in a strong sheath

The part responsible for enclosing the synovial joint in a strong sheath is called the "joint capsule". The joint capsule is a fibrous and strong connective tissue that surrounds the joint, providing support and stability.

c. Provides a smooth surface on bone surfaces

The part that provides a smooth surface on bone surfaces is known as "articular cartilage". Articular cartilage is a specialized type of connective tissue that covers the ends of the bones in synovial joints, allowing the bones to move smoothly against each other and absorb shock during motion.

d. Lines the joint capsule and secretes synovial fluid

The part that lines the joint capsule and secretes synovial fluid is called the "synovial membrane" or "synovium". The synovial membrane is a thin layer of connective tissue that lines the inner surface of the joint capsule. Its main function is to produce and maintain the synovial fluid present in the joint cavity.