Question

What provides the energy for active transport? Describe one way this process is important within the body. (pp. 55–56)

Short answer

Answer: The energy for active transport is provided by adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Active transport is essential for various functions within the body, such as maintaining the proper concentration of ions. An example of its importance is the sodium-potassium pump, which is vital for nerve impulse transmission and proper functioning of the nervous system, including muscle movement and sensory perception.

Step-by-step solution

Understanding Active Transport

Active transport is a process in which ions or molecules move across a cell membrane against their concentration gradient, requiring energy input from the cell. This process allows cells to maintain proper balance and function effectively.

Source of Energy for Active Transport

The primary source of energy for active transport is adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is a molecule used for energy storage and transfer in cells. ATP provides the required energy by undergoing a reaction that causes it to lose one of its phosphate groups, converting it into adenosine diphosphate (ADP). This release of phosphate provides energy to drive the active transport process.

One Important Function of Active Transport

An essential function of active transport within the body is maintaining the proper concentration of ions, such as sodium and potassium, across cell membranes. The sodium-potassium pump is an example of active transport that plays a crucial role in nerve cells. This pump moves sodium ions out of the cell while moving potassium ions into the cell, maintaining an electrochemical gradient that is essential for nerve impulse transmission. This, in turn, allows for the proper functioning of the nervous system, including tasks such as muscle movement and sensory perception.