Question

In what way are phagocytosis and pinocytosis similar? Describe one way each process is important within the body. (p. 57)

Short answer

Answer: Phagocytosis and pinocytosis are both forms of endocytosis, involving the formation of membrane-bound vesicles to transport substances into the cell. Phagocytosis is important for the immune system, as it helps white blood cells engulf and destroy foreign particles. Pinocytosis is essential for the absorption and transport of substances, playing a vital role in the functioning of cells throughout the body, such as nutrient absorption in the small intestine and waste product removal in the kidneys.

Step-by-step solution

Define Phagocytosis and Pinocytosis

Phagocytosis is the process where a cell engulfs and digests a large solid particle, such as a bacterium or other foreign substances, by forming a membrane-bound vesicle called a phagosome. Pinocytosis, on the other hand, is the process where a cell engulfs and absorbs extracellular fluid and dissolved substances, into small vesicles formed by the inward folding of the cell membrane.

Explain the Similarities Between Phagocytosis and Pinocytosis

Both phagocytosis and pinocytosis are similar in that they are forms of endocytosis, which is the process by which a cell takes in substances from the external environment by engulfing them with its plasma membrane. Additionally, both processes involve the formation of membrane-bound vesicles to transport the engulfed substances into the cell.

Importance of Phagocytosis in the Body

The importance of phagocytosis within the body lies in its role in the immune system. It is the primary mechanism used by white blood cells (WBCs), or leukocytes, to engulf and destroy foreign particles, such as bacteria, viruses, and other harmful substances. This helps protect the body from infections and maintain overall health.

Importance of Pinocytosis in the Body

Pinocytosis is essential for the absorption and transport of multiple substances, like nutrients, hormones, and other dissolved substances, across the cell membrane. It plays a vital role in the proper functioning of cells throughout the body, including the cells lining the small intestine where nutrient absorption occurs, and in the kidneys, where waste products are filtered and removed from the bloodstream.