Question

Define metabolism, anabolism, catabolism, kilocalorie, and metabolic rate. (pp. \(400-401,404,408\) )

Short answer

Answer: The two primary processes of metabolism are anabolism and catabolism. Anabolism is the process by which simple molecules are combined to form more complex molecules, requiring energy in the process. In contrast, catabolism is the process by which complex molecules are broken down into simpler ones, releasing energy. Anabolism typically involves the synthesis of new molecules, while catabolism involves the breakdown of existing molecules.

Step-by-step solution

Define metabolism

Metabolism is the sum of all the chemical reactions that occur within an organism to maintain its life processes. It consists of two primary processes: anabolism and catabolism.

Define anabolism

Anabolism is the process by which simple molecules are combined to form more complex molecules. This process requires energy, which is usually supplied by the breakdown of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). An example of anabolic processes is the synthesis of proteins from amino acids.

Define catabolism

Catabolism is the process by which complex molecules are broken down into simpler ones, releasing energy in the process. This energy is then used by the body to perform essential functions, such as the synthesis of new molecules, contraction of muscles, and maintenance of body temperature. An example of a catabolic process is the breakdown of glycogen into glucose.

Define kilocalorie

A kilocalorie, often referred to as a Calorie (with a capital C), is a unit of energy equal to 1,000 smaller units called calories (with a lowercase c). Kilocalories are commonly used to express the energy content of food, which in turn, provides energy for the body to perform various tasks. One kilocalorie is equivalent to approximately 4.184 kilojoules.

Define metabolic rate

Metabolic rate is the rate at which an organism converts energy sources (such as the nutrients in food) into energy that can be used to maintain life processes. It is usually measured as the amount of kilocalories or kilojoules consumed or expended per unit of time. Higher metabolic rates generally correspond to higher energy demands and greater expenditure of caloric resources.