Question

State the functions of helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, regulatory T cells, and memory T cells. Plasma cells differentiate from which type of lymphocyte? State the function of plasma cells. What other type of cell comes from B lymphocytes? (pp. \(331-332\) )

Short answer

Additionally, what is the function of plasma cells, and can you name another type of cell that comes from B lymphocytes? Answer: The functions of different types of T cells include: Helper T cells assist in producing an immune response by recognizing foreign antigens and producing cytokines; Cytotoxic T cells directly destroy infected or cancerous cells; Regulatory T cells maintain self-tolerance and prevent autoimmune reactions; Memory T cells provide long-term protection against previously encountered pathogens. Plasma cells differentiate from B lymphocytes and their primary function is to produce and secrete antibodies which play a crucial role in host defense. Another cell type that comes from B lymphocytes is memory B cells which contribute to long-term immunity by retaining the information about a specific antigen and mounting a rapid and effective response upon re-exposure to the same antigen in the future.

Step-by-step solution

Helper T cells functions

Helper T cells, also known as CD4+ T cells, play a central role in activating the immune system. They assist in producing an immune response by recognizing foreign antigens and producing cytokines. Cytokines stimulate other immune cells to perform their specific functions.

Cytotoxic T cells functions

Cytotoxic T cells, also known as CD8+ T cells, directly destroy infected cells or cancerous cells in our body. They recognize and target these cells by binding to the antigens present on their surface, and then release various cytotoxic molecules that induce cell death.

Regulatory T cells functions

Regulatory T cells play a vital role in maintaining self-tolerance and preventing autoimmune reactions. They suppress the activation of excessive immune responses, thus avoiding damage to the host organism by controlling the activity of other immune cells.

Memory T cells functions

Memory T cells provide long-term protection against pathogens or diseases that the body has previously encountered. They remain in the body for a long time and are capable of rapidly expanding and differentiating into effector T cells upon re-exposure to the same antigen, thus providing a faster and more effective immune response.

Plasma cells differentiation from lymphocyte

Plasma cells differentiate from B lymphocytes, also known as B cells.

Plasma cells function

The primary function of plasma cells is to produce and secrete antibodies, which are proteins that recognize and neutralize foreign substances like bacteria, viruses, and toxins. These antibodies play a crucial role in host defense by providing humoral immunity.

Another cell type from B lymphocytes

B lymphocytes can also give rise to memory B cells. Similar to memory T cells, memory B cells contribute to long-term immunity by retaining the information about a specific antigen and mounting a rapid and effective response upon re-exposure to the same antigen in the future.