Question

Name two hormones involved in the maintenance of blood pressure, and state the function of each. (pp. 311-312)

Short answer

Question: Name two hormones that are involved in the maintenance of blood pressure and state the function of each. Answer: Two hormones that help maintain blood pressure are Angiotensin II and Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP). Angiotensin II helps regulate blood pressure by constricting blood vessels and stimulating the release of aldosterone, which increases blood pressure. Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) decreases blood pressure by dilating blood vessels and promoting the excretion of sodium and water by the kidneys.

Step-by-step solution

Hormone 1: Angiotensin II

Angiotensin II is a hormone that helps regulate blood pressure by constricting blood vessels, which increases blood pressure. This hormone is produced when the body senses low blood pressure or reduced blood flow. Angiotensin II also stimulates the release of another hormone called aldosterone, which is responsible for sodium and water retention in the kidneys. This helps maintain blood pressure and blood volume.

Hormone 2: Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) is a hormone released by the cells in the atria (upper chambers) of the heart when blood volume or blood pressure increases. ANP has the opposite effect of angiotensin II as it helps to decrease blood pressure. This hormone prompts blood vessels to dilate and encourages the kidneys to excrete more sodium and water, resulting in lower blood pressure and reduced blood volume.