Question

The blood type that is the universal recipient is (A) \(\mathrm{O}\) (B) \(\mathrm{A}\) (C) AB (D) \(\mathrm{B}\) (E) Rh

Short answer

The universal recipient blood type is AB

Step-by-step solution

Identifying the universal recipient blood type

The universal recipient blood type is known to be AB as individuals with this blood type can receive blood from donors of any other blood types.

Key concepts

AB blood type

The AB blood type is unique because it combines both A and B antigens on the surface of red blood cells. This means that individuals with AB blood have no antibodies against either A or B antigens in their plasma. Because of this lack of antibodies, AB individuals can safely receive blood from any other blood type, making them universal recipients in blood transfusions. However, it's essential for them to receive Rhesus (Rh)-compatible blood, especially considering if they are Rh positive or negative.

blood transfusion

Blood transfusion is a medical procedure where blood is given to a patient through an intravenous line. It's often done to replace blood lost during surgery or due to an injury, illness, or medical condition that affects blood production. The compatibility between the donor's and recipient's blood types is crucial to avoid adverse reactions. Misconfiguration in matching can lead to harmful immune responses, hence understanding compatibility such as that with the AB blood type is fundamental in transfusions.

blood types

Blood types are inherited and are determined by the presence or absence of certain antigens – substances that can trigger an immune response if they are foreign to the body. The primary blood types in the ABO system are A, B, AB, and O.

• Type A: Has A antigens on red cells with anti-B antibodies in the plasma.
• Type B: Has B antigens with anti-A antibodies.
• Type AB: Has both A and B antigens but no antibodies against A or B.
• Type O: Has no antigens but both anti-A and anti-B antibodies.

These antigens are inherited from our parents, and understanding them helps in proper medical treatments like blood transfusions.

Rh factor

The Rh factor, another important component of blood typing, refers to the presence or absence of the Rh antigen (also known as the D antigen) on red blood cells. The presence of this antigen makes the blood type Rh positive, while its absence makes it Rh negative. This factor is crucial as it adds another layer of compatibility in blood transfusions.

• Rh Positive (+): Can receive both Rh+ and Rh- blood.
• Rh Negative (-): Should only receive Rh- blood to prevent immune reactions.

Understanding the Rh factor ensures that transfusions are carried out safely, preventing potential complications related to the Rh compatibility in the recipient's blood system.